肯定否定规律（又作否定之否定规律）【英】

affirmative and negative lawlaw of the negation of negationlaw of negating the negation

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001：758, 383.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 240.
[3] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 148.

定义

肯定否定规律是辩证法的三大规律之一，指事物首先要经历肯定的过程，就是一切都是正面的，然后经历否定的过程，就是一切都是负面的，然后事物或者人自己否定自己，再转向更加积极肯定的过程，这是一个螺旋式上升的过程。肯定否定规律的原理对于人们正确认识事物发展的曲折性和前进性，具有重要的指导意义。肯定否定规律最初是由黑格尔提出的，经过马克思、恩格斯、列宁的丰富发展而形成的成熟的马克思主义哲学基本理论。黑格尔的用意是“自身运动”、“自我运动”。但它颠倒了概念和实在之间的关系，“自身运动”、“自我运动”都是指“概念本身运动”、“绝对精神自己运动”。后来马克思主义经典作家对黑格尔的这种说法作了唯物主义改造，并且沿用了“否定之否定”这个名称（彭大均，1992：22）。肯定否定规律所描述的事物发展的三段式实质上是指，事物处于总的量变发展过程中，由于其内容的发展引起其抽象形式的发展，从而导致此事物在总的量变发展过程中的阶段性部分质变，体现为事物在各阶段上之具体形式的演进。而否定之否定对肯定的“复归性”，是指事物的抽象形式在后的具体表现，向其先前的具体表现的“复归”。肯定否定规律与对立统一规律的关系是：肯定否定规律是对立统一规律的展开形式。肯定否定规律与质量互变规律的关系是：肯定否定规律反映的是事物发展的实质，而质量互变规律适用于描述事物的任何运动，当其运用于事物的发展时，它只是对发展过程的外在表述、描述（闫鹏，2007：1）。

定义来源

[1] 彭大均.正确认识否定之否定规律[J]．上海大学学报（社科版），1992（1）.
[2] 闫鹏.否定之否定规律新探[D]．中共中央党校硕士学位论文，2007.

例句

1. 可以概述斯大林的理论的主要教科书是《联共（布）党史简明教程》，它于1938 年问世，并连续近20年被当做共产主义理论的最权威读物。该书包括以下几项创新：首先，斯大林颠倒了恩格斯论述的顺序，在论述哲学之前论述了辩证法。大量依据恩格斯的后期著作和列宁的《唯物主义和经验批判主义》，把辩证法（斯大林把它与形而上学对立起来）界定为这样一种看法：自然界的一切现象都是互相联系的，一切现象都处在运动的状态中；运动可能突变，而且量变引起质变；最后，矛盾是一切事物所固有的。马克思主义的哲学唯物主义（同唯心主义相对立）的主要特征则被表述为：世界按其本质来说是物质的，物质是存在于我们的意识以外并独立于我们的意识的本原的客观实在，是第一性的，而意识则是物质的反映，是第二性的；世界及其规律是完全可知的。值得注意的是，斯大林把恩格斯关于辩证法的规律归纳为两点，他尽管谈到了对立面的互相渗透和量转化为质，却删去有关否定之否定规律的全部论述，其政治含义是很明显的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：138-139

1. The main text summing up the Stalinist theory was the History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolshevik): Short Course, which appeared in 1938 and continued to be the main authority for Communist doctrine for almost twenty years. The History contained several innovations. Firstly, reversing Engels’s order, Stalin discussed dialectical method before philosophy. Leaning heavily on Engels’s later writings and on Lenin’s Materialism and Empiriocriticism, the dialectical method (which Stalin contrasted with metaphysics) was defined as the view that all phenomena in nature were interconnected, that all phenomena were in a state of movement, that movement could be abrupt and changes in quantity give rise to changes in quality, and finally that contradiction was inherent in all things. And of Marxist philosophical materialism (which was contrasted with idealism) the principal features were said to be that the world was by its very nature material, that matter was a primary objective reality existing outside the independent of our minds, while mind was a secondary reflection of matter, and that the world and its laws were fully knowable. It is noteworthy that Stalin reduced Engels’s Laws of the Dialectic to two: although talking of the interpenetration of opposites and the transformation of quantity into quality, Stalin omitted all mention of the law of the negation of the negation, the political implications of which are obvious. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 148.

2. 如上所述，在《1844年手稿》的第三笔记中，青年马克思在肯定费尔巴哈对黑格尔唯心主义批判的基础上，一方面正确奠定了一般唯物主义的前提，完成了主语与谓语关系的重新颠倒，另一方面却以费尔巴哈人本主义的异化史观（人学现象学）来重新诠释黑格尔（精神现象学），当然，这还中介于那个寻求作为无产阶级起来革命之根据的被异化了的劳动类本质。虽然在更深的逻辑层面中，马克思此时抓住的异化理论，恰恰是对黑格尔历史辩证法否定之否定规律的另一种畸形的人本学历史逻辑展现，但马克思在这里并不是自觉的。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：313-314

2. As we have already discussed, in the third notebook of the 1844 Manuscript, on the basis of affirming Feuerbach’s materialist critique of Hegel’s idealism, he correctly established the premise of general materialism and thus accomplished the re-reversal of the subject-predicate. At the same time, Marx uses Feuerbach’s humanist estrangement conception of history (humanist phenomenology) to reinterpret Hegel (spirit phenomenology); of course this comes in the middle of Marx’s quest to establish the estranged species-essence of labor that would form the basis for proletariat revolution. Although Marx had already grasped the theory of alienation on a deeper logical level, this was nothing but another mutated manifestation of the humanist historical logic of the Hegelian dialectic’s law of negating the negation; Marx was not conscious of this at this time. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 240.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
矛盾运动的规律反映在主观辩证法里，就是辩证法的三大规律，即对立统一规律、量变质变规律与肯定否定规律。—— 《先秦道家的辩证法思想》，山东大学博士学位论文，2016
The reflection of laws of paradoxical movement in human brain turned out to be three great laws of dialectics, namely, law of the unity of opposite, law of mutual change of quality and quantity, law of affirmation and negation.

例句 2：
指出其中的“肯定之否定规律”为中外哲学史上所未有,是马克思的一个盖世独创，并称为“马克思的第三个重大发现”。—— “马克思的第三个重大发现——‘肯定之否定规律’及其哲学地位和科学价值”，载于《浙江师范大学学报》2003年第5期
It argues that the third part of the mode,namely, the“Law of Affirmative Negation”, is an unprecedented contribution of Karl Marx to the history of philosophy in the world. It is “Marx’s third important discovery”.

例句 3：
“否定之否定”作为唯物辩证法的基本规律之一的提法及其表述具有非科学性。在普遍性的视野内，“肯定否定规律”是唯物辩证法的基本规律之一。—— “‘否定之否定’规律辩正”，载于《洛阳师专学报》2000年第1期