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字词 最低工资
释义

最低工资【英】

minimum wage

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1976: 205.
[2] 胡志勇.汉英新词新语辞典[Z].上海交通大学出版社,2004.
[3] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:748.

定义

保障劳动者及其家属的最低生活需要的工资。规定最低工资的基本目的,是要通过定出最低生活水平,给工资收入以必要的社会保护。在我国,最低工资的标准由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定,报国务院备案。用人单位支付劳动者的工资不得低于当地最低工资标准。根据1995年1月1日正式实施的《中华人民共和国劳动法》第四十九条的规定,确定和调整最低工资标准应当综合参考下列因素:(1)劳动者本人及平均赡养人口的最低生活费用。劳动者本人的最低生活费用高、平均赡养人口多,最低工资标准就高;反之就低。(2)社会平均工资水平。社会平均工资水平高,最低工资标准也较高;反之则较低。(3)劳动生产率。劳动生产率低,最低工资标准就低;反之则高。(4)就业状况。就业充分,平均赡养的人口就少,最低工资标准就低;反之则高。(5)地区之间经济发展水平的差异。经济发达地区,最低工资标准高;经济发展相对落后的地区,最低工资标准相对较低(刘树成,2005:1311)。
在美国,联邦和州都制定了最低工资率。州的最低工资率不得低于联邦最低工资率,一般都高于联邦最低工资率。最低工资率是在不断变化的,但80年末,联邦一级的最低工资已达每小时3美元以上。最低工资的直接后果是提高了一些行业的劳动成本,而在没有最低工资规定的情况下,这些行业的工资率是低于最低工资率的。由于工资差别难以缩小,因此,最低工资率的实施使各行业在职人员的工资普遍提高(刘伟等,1994:748)。

定义来源

[1] 刘树成.现代经济词典[Z].凤凰出版社;江苏人民出版社,2005.
[2] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994.

例句

1. 按照这一规律,工人阶级有时能够幸运一些,有时他们得到的会比最低工资多一些,然而多出来的这一点只不过是一笔补偿他在别的时候,即在工业停滞时所少得(和最低工资相比)的附加收入。这就是说,如果我们注意到,商业在一定的、永远周而复始地循环着的时间内,经历着包括有繁荣、生产过剩、停滞、危机等阶段的周期,我们把工人超过最低工资的收入和低于最低工资的收入拿来平均一下,那我们就会发现,总起来看,他所得到的不多也不少,正好是最低工资。换句话说,工人阶级仍然会作为一个阶级保存下来,尽管他们经历了许多灾难,受尽了许多折磨,在工业的战场上抛下了多少尸体。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:295

1. According to this law, the working classes will be for a time more happy, they will have for a time more than the minimum, but this surplus will be the supplement only for what they will have less than the minimum at another time, the time of industrial stagnation. That is to say, that during a certain space of time, which is always periodical, in which trade passes through the circle of prosperity, overproduction, stagnation, crisis—that, taking the average of what the labourer received more, and what he received less, than the minimum, we shall find that on the whole he will have received neither more or less than the minimum; or, in other words, that the working class, as a class, will have conserved itself, after many miseries, many sufferings, and many corpses left upon the industrial battle field. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 289-290.

2. 只要大工业的发展水平还没有达到足以使自己完全挣脱私有财产的羁绊,它就不能容许现存方式以外的其他任何分配方式,资本家就还要把利润装进自己的口袋,工人在实践中也会更清楚地认识到什么是最低工资。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:313

2. As long as large-scale industry is not so far advanced that it frees itself completely from the fetters of private property, thus long does it permit no other distribution of its products than that at present occurring, thus long will the capitalist pocket his profit and the worker increasingly know by practice just what a minimum wage is. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 305.

3. 总之,简单劳动的生产费用就是维持工人生存和延续工人后代的费用。这种维持生存和延续后代的费用的价格就是工资。这样决定的工资就叫做最低工资。这种最低工资,也和商品价格一般由生产费用决定一样,不是就单个人来说的,而是就整个种属来说的。单个工人所得,千百万工人所得,不足以维持生存和延续后代,但整个工人阶级的工资在其波动范围内则是和这个最低额相等的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第六卷)》,1961:485

3. The cost of production of simple labour, therefore, amounts to the cost of existence and reproduction of the worker. The price of this cost of existence and reproduction constitutes wages. Wages so determined are called the wage minimum. This wage minimum, like the determination of the price of commodities by the cost of production in general, does not hold good for the single individual but for the species. Individual workers, millions of workers, do not get enough to be able to exist and reproduce themselves; but the wages of the whole working class level down, within their fluctuations, to this minimum. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 9), 1977: 209-210.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
最低工资制度是商品经济和现代工资制度发展到一定阶段的必然产物,它已经成为世界各国政府对劳动力市场进行宏观调控、弥补市场缺陷所通用的法律手段之一。——《论我国最低工资制度的法律完善》,华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2007
The institution of minimum wage, which is the necessary result of the development of market economy and modern wage institution, has been one of the legal methods with which governments macro-control.

例句 2:
最低工资政策作为规范劳动力市场秩序的重要手段被世界各国广泛采用。——《广州市中小企业最低工资政策的执行问题研究》,暨南大学硕士学位论文,2014
The minimum wage policy are widely used in the world as one of the important ways to standardize the labor market.

例句 3:
针对杭州地区农民工密集就业的制造业、建筑业和低端服务业企业的大规模调查,本文从企业和员工两个角度来分析最低工资制度对农民工就业和收入提升的影响。——“最低工资制度对农民工就业和收入的影响”,载于《商业研究》2012年11期

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更新时间:2024/6/29 9:17:53