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字词 绝望
释义

绝望【英】

despair; disillusionment

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:698.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 285.

定义

(1)丹麦克尔恺郭尔用语。指沉醉于感性生活的人由于不能达到实现真正的人的目的而产生的罪恶感。他认为作为综合体的人有达到无限的可能性,但也有沉醉于有限的现实的引诱的可能性,绝望是对这种无限与有限的认识。认为绝望分为有意识的与无意识的两种。有意识的绝望是绝望者认识到自己处于其中的绝望,或者绝望地不愿成为他自己,或者绝望地想要成为他自己以逃避绝望的存在。无意识的绝望是绝望者处于绝望中而不自知,是处于更加可怕的处境。认为绝望是可能获救的药剂,由绝望而达到觉醒,由觉醒而进行选择,就摆脱了美学阶段只停留在有限的现实世界的困难,有可能进入伦理阶段(朱贻庭,2002:676);(2)指没有希望。一般指对某种事物完全失去了信心。往往经历了多次的失败,失去自信心,多次的背叛,导致最终的绝望。《左传·襄公十四年》:“若困民之主,匮神乏祀,百姓绝望,社稷无主,将安用之?”《史记·孝文本纪》:“夫秦失其政,诸侯豪桀并起,人人自以为得之者以万数,然卒践天子之位者,刘氏也,天下绝望,一矣”(绝望.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=izIpv_HnV4V3YYk5VRChM1xpi1vW5p2EJe4XGk-VXga7DaHmY08T7m8mlLepZPScUawNQEd4ITxwKRJRqRxb9eoWa7rsYTLywhxEON7DoQC)。总之,绝望通常是由于生活或事业等遭受巨大打击,是人类负面情绪的一种,对于人生持悲观消极的态度。

定义来源

[1] 朱贻庭.伦理学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2002.
[2] 绝望.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=izIpv_HnV4V3YYk5VRChM1xpi1vW5p2EJe4XGk-VXga7DaHmY08T7m8mlLepZPScUawNQEd4ITxwKRJRqRxb9eoWa7rsYTLywhxEON7DoQC.

例句

1. “这是对自己得救感到绝望,这种绝望想以否定上帝来压倒良心的呼声。”不错,这是对自己得救感到绝望,这种绝望把个人的弱点变成了人类的弱点,为的是从自己的良心上去掉这一负担;这是对人类得救感到绝望,这种绝望阻止人类遵循天生的自然规律,宣扬不成熟是一种必然现象;这是伪善,它借口有一个上帝,却既不相信上帝的现实性,也不相信善的全能;这是利己心,它把个人得救置于整体得救之上。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷):》,1960: 184

1. “It is despair of one's own salvation which seeks to stifle the voice of conscience by denial of God.” It is despair of one's own salvation which makes personal weaknesses into weaknesses of mankind, in order to rid one's own conscience of them; it is despair of the salvation of mankind which prevents mankind from obeying its innate natural laws and preaches the necessity of immaturity; it is hypocrisy which shelters behind God without believing in His reality and in the omnipotence of the good; it is self-seeking which puts personal salvation above the salvation of all. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 169.

2. 霍克海姆对卢森堡的思想和活动的钦佩,也表明了这样的观点。然而,该研究所强调对社会作整体性分析,也就妨碍了对具体政治问题的关注。譬如,他们没有与科尔施保持沟通,而科尔施是一位最接近他们的总体观点的政治活动价。总而言之,他们没有愿意接受其理论的听众,他们对斯大林主义的绝望,也意味着德国共产党对他们来说是同样不能接受的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:271

2. And this point of view also found expression in Horkheimer’s admiration for the thought and action of Rosa Luxemburg. Nevertheless, the Institute’s emphasis on a general analysis of society precluded any attention to specifically political problems: they failed, for example, to maintain contact with Korsch, the political activist who most nearly approximated tot heir general viewpoint. In any case, they had no ready audience for their theories: their disillusionment with Stalinism meant that the KPD was equally unacceptable to them. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 285.

3. 他们的每一句话和每一个姿势在较好的情况下显露出绝望,在怀的情况下则显露出绝望背后的内心空虚:他们已完全离开无产阶级、它的道路、它的使命。他们成为信仰和力图用“宗教”名称加以贬低的东西,正好是对资本主义注定要没落、无产阶级革命—— 最终——要获胜的确信。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996: 96

3. Every word and gesture betrays the despair of the best of them and the inner emptiness of the worst: their complete divorce form the proletariat, from its path and from vacation. What they call faith and seek to deprecate by adding the epithet “religious” is nothing more nor less than the certainty that capitalism is doomed and that—ultimately—the proletariat will be victorious. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 43.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
克尔凯郭尔的生存美学将虚无、恐惧、绝望归为生存美学的范畴,这对生存美学的研究发展、对研究现代社会人的生存状态有重要意义,但其理论也有明显的矛盾之处,例如将对上帝的绝对服从认为是人的本真的回归等等。——《论克尔凯郭尔的生存美学思想》,山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
Kierkegaard put emptiness, fear, desperation into category of aesthetic existence. It has great value in developing of studying aesthetic existence and exist condition of modern human. But his theory have obvious contradictions, such as he regard submiting to God as backing to the essence of human.

例句 2:
“绝望”作为人类的一种生命体会,在现代汉语的通行意义上,表示着消极、悲观、抑郁、灰暗的心灵表情,但从生命美学的角度审视,绝望之美作为一种“感觉学”的典型,在很大程度上,还原了人类在面对困境时所保有的审美精神。——《绝望的美学沉思》,南京师范大学硕士学位论文,2014
As a kind of human experience of life, Despair expresses a soul which is negative, pessimistic, depressed and gloomy, in the prevailing modem Chinese. View from the perspective of life aesthetics, as a typical feeling of SENSE, Despair has largely restored the aesthetics of human spirit and human aura in the face of adversity and difficulties.

例句 3:
鲁迅去世前,在遗嘱的初稿中表示了不让自己的孩子当文学家和美术家的意愿,这是鲁迅品尝了以文化改造社会不能成功的苦酒后所产生的绝望心理和虚无情绪的反映;但鲁迅在承认自己有虚无情绪的同时,并没有放弃“绝望反抗”。因而,鲁迅晚年文艺思想的这一重要层面具有深刻的内涵,对此不必回避,也不容忽视。——“对鲁迅遗嘱中一个难点的解读”,载于《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2001年第5期
Lu Xun expressed his hope in his will that he did not want his children to become writers and artists. 11tis has often been viewed as Lu Xun’s nihilism out of his disil

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更新时间:2024/6/29 4:42:36