买方市场【英】

buyer’s market; buyers’ market

译文来源

[1] 刘伟，梁小民，雎国余，杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994：230.
[2] Chen Yun: Selected Works of Chen Yun (Vol. 3) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1999: 275.

定义

买方市场是指现行的价格可以弥补具有代表性的生产者的平均成本下仍供过于求的市场状况。由于短期供给的过剩，买方在讨价还价中具有优势，价格被迫降到平均成本以下。卖方为了减少过剩的存货，不得不接受较低的价格，买方市场的存在决定着生产和价格的长期运动趋向，预示着生产或价格的下降，或者预示了两者同时下降。但是，如果买家出价过低，卖方将停止供应，这样，市场就会转变为卖方市场（刘伟等，1994：230-231）。
在买方市场上，商品供给过剩，卖方之间竞相抛售，价格呈下降趋势，买方在交易上处于主动地位，有任意选择商品的主动权。买方市场意味着商品交换中买卖双方之间的平等关系，由于商品的供大于求而被打破。
在买方市场的条件下，企业和商品生产者能否根据市场的消费需求来组织生产，适应市场消费需求的变化，对企业和商品生产者的生死存亡具有重要意义。买方市场是商品经济特有的现象，但是，在不同的社会制度下，形成买方市场的社会原因和性质有着本质的区别。资本主义商品经济中的买方市场是在价值规律的自发调节之下，伴随着资本主义再生产周期中的萧条和危机阶段出现的，供求关系不仅反映了资产阶级和无产阶级之间剥削与被剥削的关系，同时还反映了资产阶级内部的矛盾和斗争。社会主义商品经济中的买方市场是在价值规律的自觉调节之下，为经济发展创造一个宽松环境，并建立预防不测事故的后备及经常性的调剂余缺的周转性储备而出现的，供求关系反映的是生产者和消费者之间根本利益的一致性，供求矛盾具有非对抗性。
买方市场具有以下几个特点：1.市场商品丰富，货源充沛，消费者能够任意挑选商品。2.卖者之间在产品的花色、品种、服务、价格、促销等方面展开激烈竞争。3.卖者积极开展促销活动。4.消费者需求是企业生产与经营的轴心。5.顾客能够获得满意的售前、售中、售后服务。6.商品的市场价格呈下降趋势，卖者削价竞销（买方市场.via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=4rwhBe-yIZQhszLa05RtXNYOhNi6KUvWGXfQCq4y6JxSZZC0-nDmmsgiv0Mi1SCWhJSk0zEw-WHg6N4EvOaUQailefgfw61kG13ZhlveShcSdu8I3De2RdCVEG5QkKF7）。

定义来源

[1] 刘伟，梁小民，雎国余，杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994.
[2] 买方市场.via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=4rwhBe-yIZQhszLa05RtXNYOhNi6KUvWGXfQCq4y6JxSZZC0-nDmmsgiv0Mi1SCWhJSk0zEw-WHg6N4EvOaUQailefgfw61kG13ZhlveShcSdu8I3De2RdCVEG5QkKF7

例句

1. 很明显，这种买机器设备的外债的使用，不决定于我们的主观愿望，而决定于国内有多少财政拨款用于配套。现在国际市场是买方市场。除非国际关系有大的变化，这种国际市场的有利条件不会失掉。——《陈云文选（第三卷）》，1995：276　

1. Obviously, the amount of foreign loans that we can use to buy machines and equipment cannot be determined by our subjective desires alone, we must also take into consideration the whole economic budget. At present, the international market is a buyers’ market. Unless great changes take place in international relations, this favourable condition in international markets will last, to our benefit. -Quoted from Selected Works of Chen Yun (Vol. 3), 1999: 275.

2. 党的十一届三中全会以来，实行搞活经济的政策，效果显著。现在百货商店里的东西多得很“卖方市场”正在变成“买方市场”。群众把票子拿在手里，好的就买，不好的就不买。这么好的形势，很久以来没有见过。今后要继续实行搞活经济的政策，继续发挥市场调节的作用。但是，我们也要防止在搞活经济中，出现摆脱国家计划的倾向。搞活经济是在计划指导下搞活，不是离开计划的指导搞活。这就像鸟和笼子的关系一样，鸟不能捏在手里，捏在手里会死，要让它飞，但只能让它在笼子里飞。没有笼子，它就飞跑了。如果说鸟是搞活经济的话，那末，笼子就是国家计划。当然“笼子”大小要适当，该多大就多大。经济活动不一定限于一个省、一个地区，在国家计划指导下，也可以跨省跨地区，甚至不一定限于国内，也可以跨国跨洲。另外“笼子”本身也要经常调整，比如对五年计划进行修改。但无论如何，总得有个“笼子”。就是说，搞活经济、市场调节，这些只能在计划许可的范围以内发挥作用，不能脱离开计划的指导。——《陈云文选（第三卷）》，1995：320　　

2. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, we have followed the policy of invigorating the economy and have achieved striking results. There are plenty of consumer goods in department stores and the seller’s market is changing into a buyer’s market. With money in hand, people can now buy what they want to buy. We haven’t experienced such a good situation for a long time. We should continue to implement the policy of invigorating the economy and give play to the role of market forces. But, in our effort to invigorate the economy, we must guard against the tendency towards deviating from state plans. The relationship of the invigoration of the economy to state plans is just like that of a bird and its cage. We can not hold the bird in hand; if we do so, it will die. We must allow it to fly, but only in a cage. Without the cage, it will fly away. If we liken invigoration of the economy to a bird, then the cage corresponds to the state plans. Of course, the size of the cage should be appropriate for the bird. Although we follow state plans, we do not have to limit certain economic activities to one region or one province; these can be carried out in other regions, provinces, countries and continents. As we would often have to adjust the size of the cage to suit the bird, we have to continue reformulating our five-year plans. We have to utilize a cage, that is to say, both invigoration of the economy and allowance for regulation by market forces should play their role as prescribed by the state plan, and we must not deviate from the format of state plans. -Quoted from Selected Works of Chen Yun (Vol. 3), 1999: 315.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
随着社会经济的发展，市场供求关系逐渐从卖方市场向买方市场转变，市场营销的观念也从以生产为中心逐步转向以销售为中心。——《当代戏曲演出营销研究》，上海戏剧学院博士学位论文，2009
The relationship between the supply and the demand on the market has inclined from the selling to the purchase gradually with the development of the social economy, the idea of the marketing also turned from the producing center to the selling center gradually.

例句 2：
近年来，随着社会经济的持续快速发展，我国经济已摆脱短缺状况，市场经济由卖方市场转向买方市场，作为拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”之一，消费是经济的原动力，消费需求对经济增长率的拉动是最基本的，扩大消费需求，最大的潜力在农村。——《扩大农村消费需求的社会保障法律制度调查研究》，西南政法大学硕士学位论文，2011
In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, China's economy has get rid of shortage, the market economy by seller's market turned to a buyer's market, stimulate economic growth “as one of three carriages”, consumption is the impulsion of economy, consumer demand for boosting economic growth is the most basic and expand consumer demand, the biggest potential in the rural areas.

例句 3：
造成拐卖人口犯罪愈演愈烈的原因主要是存在庞大的买方市场，拐卖人口犯罪的跨地域性，国内拐卖人口犯罪的立法缺陷以及偏远地区淡薄的法制观念。——《论拐卖人口犯罪的成因及其应对措施》，中国海洋大学硕士学位论文，2011
Frequent occurrence of trafficking crimes is mainly due to the existence of a large buyer's market, cross-boundary characteristic of human trafficking crimes, legislative defects and weak legal impact in remote area.