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字词 主观精神
释义

主观精神【英】

subjective spirit; subjective mind

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 340-341.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 437.
[3] Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.via:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel#Subjektiver_Geist

定义

德国黑格尔用语。精神哲学的第一部分。指在主观精神阶段,精神尚处在概念中,还没有使它的概念成为具有客观性的东西,还没有展现于法律、道德、风俗习惯和社会制度之中,具有主观性。人的意识对于对象的认识由感觉、直观、表象开始,然后形成概念,由低级阶段达到高级阶段。“主观精神”又分为三个阶段:灵魂、意识、“自我规定着的精神”。灵魂是一种“自在的或直接的精神”,又称为“自然精神”。它只是精神的“睡眠状态”,只具有一种低级的、模糊的意识。意识是“精神现象学”研究的对象。在这个阶段,精神作为间接的、明显的意识,也就是把灵魂中只是潜在的区别明白地表现出来,成为“自我”与“独立的对象”的意识,意识与外在对象之间的关系是对立的。“精神”是心理学研究的对象。“精神”是“灵魂”与“意识”的统一。是一种直接的整体,它表现为自己决定自己的独立主体的意识,扬弃一切外在于精神的异己性;精神的对象不是外在的,精神中的主客之分在主体范围之内。(金炳华,2003:24)

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 同样地,扬弃了的质等于量,扬弃了的量等于度,扬弃了的度等于本质,扬弃了的本质等于现象,扬弃了的现象等于现实,扬弃了的现实等于概念,扬弃了的概念等于客观性,扬弃了的客观性等于绝对观念,扬弃了的绝对观念等于自然界,扬弃了的自然界等于主观精神,扬弃了的主观精神等于伦理的客观精神,扬弃了的伦理精神等于艺术,扬弃了的艺术等于宗教,扬弃了的宗教等于绝对知识。 ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)》,1979:173

1. In just the same way, quality superseded equals quantity, quantity superseded equals measure, measure superseded equals essence, essence superseded equals appearance, appearance superseded equals actuality, actuality superseded equals the concept, the concept superseded equals objectivity, objectivity superseded equals the absolute idea, the absolute idea superseded equals nature, nature superseded equals subjective mind, subjective mind superseded equals ethical objective mind, ethical mind superseded equals art, art superseded equals religion, religion superseded equals absolute knowledge. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1975: 340-341.

2. 由于和实体相对立的是它自己的观念性,所以实体分解为无数偶然的有限的存在和成规。这些存在和成规的合理性,统一性,同实体的同一性,转化为主观精神。因此,这种主观精神本身就是实体的保存者,但是这个观念性是与现实相对立的,所以它在头脑中客观地表现为应有,主观地表现为意向。这种揭示自己内部的观念性的主观精神的表现是概念的判断,对于这种判断来说,个别事物的标准是自身中被规定的东西,目的,善。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十卷)》,1982:66-67

2. Being confronted by its own ideality, substance is split up into a mass of accidental limited existences and institutions whose right—unity, and identity with it—has escaped into the subjective spirit. The subjective spirit itself is as such the vessel of substance, but because this ideality is opposed to reality, it is present in minds objectively as a “must”, and subjectively as a striving. The expression of this subjective spirit, which knows that it has the ideality in itself, is the judgment of the concept, for which the criterion of the individual is that which is determined in itself, the purpose, the good, but which is still here a “must” of reality. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 437.

3. “福音的真理只存在于对福音的真正关系中…… 精神的本质关系仅仅是为精神存在的…… 因此,精神对这种内容的关系是这样的:虽然内容是本质的,但神圣的和起圣化作用的精神与这种内容有关系,这同样是本质的。”(“哲学史”第3卷第234页)“这就是路德的信仰:他的〈即人的〉信仰是被要求的,并且只有他的这种信仰才能具有真理的意义。”(同上,第230页)“路德……断言:神物只有当它在这种信仰的主观精神性中被享受时,才是神的。”(同上,第138页)“教会的〈天主教教会的〉教义是作为现有真理的真理。”(“宗教哲学”59第2卷第331页)——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)》,1979:173

3. “The truth of the gospel exists only in the true attitude to it… The essential attitude of the spirit exists only for the spirit... Hence the attitude of the spirit to the content is that although the content is essential, it is equally essential that the holy and consecrating spirit should stand in relation to this content” (Geschichte der Philosophie, III, p.234). “This then is the Lutheran faith—his (i.e., man’s) “faith is required of him aim it alone can truly he taken into account” (ibid., p. 230). “Luther… affirms that: the divine is divine only insofar as it is apprehended in this subjective spirituality o: faith” (ibid., p. 138). “The doctrine of the (Catholic) “church is truth as existent truth” (Philosophie der Religion, II, p.331). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 171.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
思辨的历史哲学片面地发展了历史的主观精神,而看不到真正历史创造的主体和它生成的动态过程。——“论历史认识的实践转向及其意义”,载于《浙江社会科学》2012年第12期
Speculative philosophy of history developed the subjective spirit of the historyin a one-sided approach, but did not notice the subject of historical creation or its dynamic process.

例句 2:
作为一种主观精神要素,文化精神曾经长期被主流经济学排斥在经验实证理论体系之外。——“文化如何成为经济学研究的对象”,载于《经济学家》2012年第2期
As a subjective spirit element, culture spirit had long been excluded from the empirical theory system bythe mainstream of economics.

例句 3:
与古典主义写实原则相背离,英国巴罗克文学呈现为一种积极的文学形态,特别关注内在主观精神,孕育和影响了后来现代主义文学的发展,具有印象美学、荒诞主义、宗教神秘主义等现代性特征。——“早期现代英国巴罗克文学的现代性”,载于《南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2013年第3期
Breaking from theobjective principle of classicism, British Baroque literature is a positive literary form with the subjective spirit as aparticular concern, gestating and influencing the development of later modernist literature, characterized by suchmodernist features as impressionist aesthetics, absurdist worldview and mystic religionism.

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