字词 | 资本的循环 |
释义 | 资本的循环【英】circulation of capital; capital’s circulation; the circular movement of capital; the circuit of capital译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 420. 定义资本循环指产业资本从一定的职能形式出发,顺次经过购买、生产、销售三个阶段,分别地采取货币资本、生产资本、商品资本三种职能形式,实现了价值的增殖,并回到原来出发点的全过程。这一过程可用公式表示为:G—W…P…W′—G′,其中G代表货币,W代表商品,P代表生产资本,W′代表已经含有剩余价值的商品,G′代表含有剩余价值的货币(刘树成,2005:1278)。第一阶段,购买阶段:资本家作为买者出现于商品市场和劳动市场;他的货币转化为商品,或者说,完成G—W这个流通行为。第二阶段,生产阶段:资本家用购买的商品从事生产消费。他作为资本主义商品生产者进行活动;他的资本完成生产过程。结果产生了一种商品,这种商品的价值大于它的生产要素的价值。第三阶段,销售阶段:资本家作为卖者回到市场;他的商品转化为货币,或者说,完成W—G这个流通行为(马克思,恩格斯,1972:31)。产业资本在三个不同的阶段需要采取三种不同的职能形式,并执行相应的职能。具体来看:(1)货币资本(G),其职能是购买生产资料和劳动力,为剩余价值生产准备必要的条件。(2)生产资本(W),其职能是生产剩余价值。(3)商品资本(W’),其职能是实现剩余价值(资本循环.via: 定义来源[1] 刘树成.现代经济词典[Z].凤凰出版社,2005. 例句1. 当马克思在描述资本之疯狂的自我增殖循环时——资本唯、我论的自我受精路径在今天对未来的元反思思索中达到了顶峰——人们不能单纯化地认为:这种不顾任何人类或环境事实而追求其路径的自生怪物幽灵是一个意识形态抽象(ideological abstraction),人们永远不该忘记在这种抽象的背后隐藏着的是真正的人类和自然的目标,资本循环依赖于他们的生产能力和资源,它像个巨大的寄生虫一样以此为生。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:321 1. When Marx describes the mad self-enhancing circulation of Capital, whose solipsistic path of self-fecundation reaches its apogee in today's meta-reflexive speculations on futures, it is far too simplistic to claim that the spectre of this self-engendering monster that pursues its path regardless of any human or environmental concern is an ideological abstraction, and that one should never forget that behind this abstraction there are real people and natural objects on whose productive capacities and resources Capital’s circulation is based, and on which it feeds like a gigantic parasite. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 420. 2. 资本的循环过程经过三个阶段;根据第一卷的叙述,这些阶段形成如下的序列:第一阶段:资本家作为买者出现于商品市场和劳动市场;他的货币转化为商品,或者说,完成G—W这个流通行为。第二阶段:资本家用购买的商品从事生产消费。他作为资本主义商品生产者进行活动;他的资本完成生产过程。结果产生了一种商品,这种商品的价值大于它的生产要素的价值。第三阶段:资本家作为卖者回到市场;他的商品转化为货币,或者说,完成W—G这个流通行为。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十四卷)》,1972: 31 2. The circular movement of capital takes place in three stages, which, according to the presentation in Volume I, form the following series:First stage: The capitalist appears as a buyer on the commodity and the labour market; his money is transformed into commodities, or it goes through the circulation act M - C.Second stage: Productive consumption of the purchased commodities by the capitalist. He acts as a capitalist producer of commodities; his capital passes through the process of production. The result is a commodity of more value than that of the elements entering into its production.Third stage: The capitalist returns to the market as a seller; his commodities are turned into money, or they pass through the circulation act C - M. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36), 1997: 31. 3. 我们已经知道,资本主义生产不仅生产商品和剩余价值;它还再生产并且以越来越大的规模再生产雇佣工人阶级,把绝大多数直接生产者变为雇佣工人。因此,既然实现G—W …P…W’ —G’ 这一过程的首要前提是雇佣工人阶级的经常存在,所以,这个公式已经包含生产资本形式的资本,从而也包含生产资本的循环的形式。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十四卷)》,1972: 41 3. We have seen that capitalist production does not only create commodities and surplus value, but also reproduces to an ever increasing extent the class of wage labourers, into whom it transforms the vast majority of direct producers. Since the first condition for its realisation is the permanent existence of a class of wage labourers, M - C ... P ... C’- M’ presupposes a capital in the form of productive capital, and hence the form of the circuit of productive capital. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36), 1997: 40. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
随便看 |
汉译英翻译词典收录7925条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。