字词 | 理论自然科学 |
释义 | 理论自然科学【英】theoretical natural science译文来源[1] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 165. 定义理论自然科学指用理论研究方法系统地概括经验知识而达到理论认识的科学。恩格斯提出了“理论自然科学”的概念,以与“经验自然科学”的概念相对应,旨在强调理论思维的重要性。恩格斯指出,理论自然科学“本质上是整理材料的科学,关于过程、关于这些事物的发生和发展以及关于把这些自然过程结合为一个伟大整体的联系的科学”(马克思,恩格斯,1965:241)。恩格斯指出了由经验自然科学向理论自然科学过渡发展的必然性。在恩格斯看来,以往的全部哲学中还仍旧独立存在的,只有思维及其规律的学说——形式逻辑和辩证法。恩格斯追踪了当时自然科学的发展轨迹,然而他更充分地意识到:必须研究理论自然科学的思维规律。恩格斯对理论自然科学的辩证思维研究,正是建立在逻辑范畴的研究基础上(赖功欧,1995:6-7)。 定义来源[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)[M].人民出版社,1965. 例句1. 我们在康德主义者菲力浦·弗兰克的著作中读到:“法国数学家昂利·彭加勒维护这样的观点:理论自然科学的许多最一般的原理(惯性定律、能量守恒定律等等),往往很难说它们的起源是经验的还是先验的,实际上,它们既不属于前者,也不属于后者,纯粹是一些以人的意愿为转移的约定的前提。——《列宁全集(第十八卷)》,1988:169 1. “The French mathematician Henri Poincaré,” we read in the work of the Kantian, Philipp Frank, “holds the point of view that many of the most general laws of theoretical natural science (e.g., the law of inertia, the law of the conservation of energy, etc.), of which it is often difficult to say whether they are of empirical or of a priori origin, are, in fact, neither one nor the other, but are purely conventional propositions depending upon human discretion....” -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14), 1974: 165. 2. 可是,也许理论自然科学的进步,会使我的工作的绝大部分或全部成为多余的。因为单是把大量积累的、纯粹经验主义的发现予以系统化的必要性,就会迫使理论自然科学发生革命,这场革命必然使甚至最顽固的经验主义者也日益意识到自然过程的辩证性质。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:15 2. Yet the advance of theoretical natural science may possibly make my work to a great extent or even altogether superfluous. For the revolution which is being forced on theoretical natural science by the mere need to set in order the purely empirical discoveries, great masses of which have been piled up, is of such a kind that it must bring the dialectical character of natural processes more and more to the consciousness even of those empiricists who are most opposed to it. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 13. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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