字词 | 货币的职能 |
释义 | 货币的职能【英】the function of money译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990: 260. 定义货币的职能是货币本质的具体表现形式(向洪等,1992:448)。货币的职能是随着商品经济的发展而逐渐发展完备起来的。在发达的商品经济中,货币执行价值尺度、流通手段、贮藏手段、支付手段和世界货币等五种职能(via: http://baike.so.com/doc/1413344-1494119.html)。价值尺度是指货币用来衡量和表现商品价值的职能。价值尺度是货币的最基本的职能。作为价值尺度,货币将各种商品的价值都表现为一定的货币量,以表示各种商品的价值在质的方面相同,在量的方面可以比较。货币在执行价值尺度的职能时,不需要有现实的货币,只需要观念上的货币。商品的价值以一定数量的货币表现出来,就是商品的价格。价值是价格的基础,价格是价值的货币表现形式。货币作为价值尺度的职能,就是根据各种商品的价值大小,将其价值表现为各种各样的价格(via: http://baike.baidu.com/subview/1847838/1847838.html)。流通手段是指货币所发挥的交换媒介的职能。在商品交换过程中,商品出卖者把商品转化为货币,然后再用货币去购买商品,货币成为商品得以实现交换的媒介。货币充当价值尺度的职能是货币流通手段职能的前提,货币的流通手段职能则是货币的价值尺度职能的进一步发展(via: http://baike.sogou.com/v5164054.htm)。贮藏手段,是指货币退出流通领域充当独立的价值形式和社会财富的一般代表而储存起来的一种职能(via: http://baike.so.com/doc/1413344-1494119.html)。支付手段,是指货币作为独立的价值形式进行如清偿债务、缴纳税款、支付工资和租金等单方面运动时所执行的职能(via: http://baike.baidu.com/subview/1847838/1847838.html)。世界货币,是指货币在世界市场上执行一般等价物的职能,这是随国际贸易的发生和发展形成的(via: http://www.baike.com/wiki/%25E8%25B4%25A7%25E5%25B8%2581%25E8%2581%258C%25E8%2583%25BD)。在货币的五种职能中。价值尺度和流通手段是最基本的职能(via: http://baike.sogou.com/v5164054.htm)。 定义来源[1] 向洪.四项基本原则大辞典[Z].电子科技大学出版社,1992. 例句1. 不过,游牧部落用来同他们的邻人交换的主要物品是牲畜;牲畜变成了一切商品都用它来估价并且到处乐于同它交换的商品—— 一句话,牲畜获得了货币的职能,在这个阶段上就已经当货币用了。在商品交换刚刚产生的时候,对货币商品的需求,就以这样的必然性和速度发展起来了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:184 1. The principal article which the pastoral tribes offered their neighbours for exchange was livestock; livestock became the commodity by which all other commodities were appraised, and was everywhere readily taken in exchange for other commodities—in short, livestock assumed the function of money and served as money already at this stage. Such was the necessity and rapidity with which the demand for a money commodity developed right at the very beginning of commodity exchange. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 260. 2. 这样说来,好象马克思认为资本是在十六世纪初由货币产生的。这就等于说,金属货币是三千多年前由牲畜产生的,因为在以前牲畜和其他东西一样也承担过货币的职能。只有杜林先生才能采取这样笨拙的和不恰当的表达方式。在马克思关于商品流通过程赖以进行的经济形式的分析中,货币是以最后的形式出现的。 ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:220 2. So according to Marx, we are told, capital was born of money at the beginning of the sixteenth century. This is like saying that fully three thousand years ago metallic money was born of cattle, because once upon a time cattle, among other things, functioned as money. Only Herr Dühring is capable of such a crude and inept manner of expressing himself. In the analysis which Marx makes of the economic forms within which the process of the circulation of commodities takes place, money appears as the final form. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 188. 3. 等价形式同这种特殊商品的自然形式社会地结合在一起,这种特殊商品成了货币商品,或者执行货币的职能。在商品世界起一般等价物的作用就成了它特有的社会职能,从而成了它的社会独占权。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)》,1972:85 3. The particular commodity, with whose bodily form the equivalent form is thus socially identified, now becomes the money commodity, or serves as money. It becomes the special social function of that commodity, and consequently its social monopoly, to play within the world of commodities the part of the universal equivalent. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35), 1996: 80. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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