投降主义【英】

capitulationism

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 451.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：292.

定义

投降主义指背弃人民的根本利益，对敌人屈服、投降的思想和行为。有民族投降主义和阶级投降主义之分。民族投降主义表现为出卖民族利益，散布亡国论调，迎合外国侵略者的利益和需要。阶级投降主义表现为背叛本阶级的根本利益，对敌对阶级屈服和无原则的妥协（投降主义.via：https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89/10722576?fr=aladdin）。外敌入侵时，反对反侵略战争，散布亡国论调，迎合外国侵略者的利益和需要，甚至背叛本民族，公然卖国求荣，是民族投降主义。抗日战争时期的汉奸、亲日派和国民党中的右派，就是民族投降主义者。在无产阶级对资产阶级和其他剥削阶级的斗争中，抛弃革命原则，搞无原则的妥协，迎合剥削阶级的利益和需要，使无产阶级和劳动人民的利益受到损害，革命事业遭到挫折，是阶级投降主义。阶级投降主义是右倾机会主义的一种表现。中国第一次国内革命战争后期的陈独秀路线和抗日战争初期的王明路线，就是投降主义（金炳华，2003：292）。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.
[1] 投降主义.via：
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89/10722576?fr=aladdin

例句

1. 没有解决方案，无法逃脱；需要做的事不是“克服”它、“铲除”它，而是向它让，.学会在它的骇人听闻的维度中辨识它。然后，以这种基本的认识为基础.与其达成一种暂时的妥协。不用作进一步的解释我们就能体会到，要按传统马克思主义的观点，齐泽克主张的社会历史观是一种彻头彻尾的投降主义路线。因为，他实际上认为，社会矛盾和一切存在于人与自然、人与人之间的问题，都不可能有最终的解决方案，我们真正现实能做的事情只是斗争中的“让步”。——《文本的深度耕犁：后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》，2007：347

1. There is no solution, no escape from it; the thing to do is not to “overcome”, to “abolish” it, but to come to terms with it, to learn to recognize it in its terrifying dimension and then, on the basis of this fundamental recognition, to try to articulate a modus vivendi with it. Here, Zizek’s social historical view displays an out-and-out capitulationism in the eyes of the traditional Marxism. He does not believe in a final solution to the social contradictions and al1 the problems between man and nature, and between: man and man. What we can do is to “compromise” in that struggle. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 451.

2. 如果这个时候我们还继续同国民党打仗，不把日本帝国主义作为主要的打击对象，抗日就搞不起来。如果要的打击对象又是日本帝国主义又是国民党，抗日也搞不起来。如果主要的打击对象还是地主阶级，不采取减租减息的政策，而是采取没收土地的政策，那就会把地主阶级赶到日本侵略者那边去。所以，不能混淆主要打击对象，一混淆就把自己孤立起来了。抗日战争时期，蒋介石不是主要打击对象。但是在又团结又斗争的问题上，我们党内也有右倾机会主义，这是王明的右倾投降主义错误 。——《邓小平文选（第一卷）》1994：344

2. If we had continued our battles with the Kuomintang, instead of making the Japanese imperialists our main target of attack, the war of resistance would have been out of the question. Likewise, if we had taken both the Japanese imperialists and the Kuomintang as our main targets, the war could not have been waged. If we had continued our attack mainly on the landlord class, following a policy of confiscating land instead of a policy of reducing rent and interest rates, the landlords would have been driven to the side of the Japanese aggressors. Therefore, we must be clear about the main target of attack; otherwise, we would isolate ourselves. During the anti-Japanese war, Chiang Kai-shek was not our main target of attack. However, on the question of both unity and struggle, Right opportunism emerged in our Party in the form of Wang Ming's Right capitulationist mistakes. -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 1), 1995: 337.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
分析了大革命中共产党交枪错误产生的背景及根本原因,旨在纠正学术界所认为的共产党交枪错误是“陈独秀右倾投降主义”所造成的传统偏见。——“中共历史上的交枪错误是否应该由陈独秀负主要责任”，载于《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第1期
Furthermore, the background how the error of delivering firearms came into being is analyzed in this paper, aiming at correcting the traditional prejudice held by academic circles that the error was brought about by “Chen Duxiu's Right deviation capitulationism”.

例句 2：
与固守理论教旨的教条主义者和倚重实践经验的经验主义者不同，毛泽东在实现马克思主义中国化的历史进程中坚持马克思主义理论本质与中国社会实践活动的具体的历史的辩证统一，反对主观主义的线性认识路线，反对固守理论教条的右倾投降主义和脱离理论指导的“左”倾盲动冒险主义。——“毛泽东视域中理论与实践关系格局的再思索——兼论毛泽东实现马克思主义中国化的历史逻辑”，载于《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第5期
Different from many dogmatists clung to the doctrine and empiricists heavily relied on the experience, Mao Zedong insists on the concrete historical dialectical combination with the essence of Marxism and Chinese social practice, objects to the subjectivism knowing route, the right capitulationism theory and the “left” leaning reckless adventurism.

例句 3：
秦桧的投降主义思想对南宋后期有着重要影响。——“秦桧的投降主义思想探析”，载于《江汉大学学报（人文科学版）》2010年第4期
Qin’s thoughts of capitulationism exert an important impact on the later period of the Southern Song Dynasty.