形式主义【英】

formalism; (going through) formalities

译文来源

[1] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 4.
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 45

定义

形式主义，是指片面追求形式而忽视内容的形而上学的观点、方法和作风。形式主义与认识论中的形式化方法相近，但两者有本质的区别，两者不可混淆。形式主义的基本特征表现为：第一，形式主义者割裂形式与内容的内在联系，夸大事物的表面形式，抹煞内容对形式的决定作用。第二，在观察问题时，形式主义者对于包括现状、历史在内的任何事物都不作具体了解和分析，只根据事物的形式来判断事物的性质。第三，形式主义一般只是按照事物的外部标志来分类，满足于甲乙丙丁的现象罗列，不具体分析事物的矛盾及事物的本质，用对外在现象的认识来取代对事物本质的认识。第四，形式主义者在工作中不讲实效，只讲究追求形式（金炳华，2003：267）。所以，形式主义是一种很不科学的作风，“形式主义这种形而上学的观点和方法，同主观主义有密切联系，在认识和实践活动中带有极大的主观性和盲目性”（金炳华，2003：267）。形式主义对革命事业危害很大，必须防止和反对形式主义的倾向，但并不是不要形式，因为形式和内容总是相互作用着的，不可忽视形式的作用。所以要坚持内容和形式的统一，根据内容的需要，选择与之相适应的形式，选择、利用和创造最适当的形式来促进内容的发展。而不能脱离内容去单纯地追求形式。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 新形势下，我们党面临着许多严峻挑战，党内存在着许多亟待解决的问题。尤其是一些党员干部中发生的贪污腐败、脱离群众、形式主义、官僚主义等问题，必须下大气力解决。全党必须警醒起来。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：4

1. In the new circumstances our Party faces many severe challenges as well as many pressing issues within the Party that need to be addressed, particularly corruption, being divorced from the people, and being satisfied merely with going through formalities and bureaucracy on the part of some Party officials. We must make every effort to solve such problems. The whole Party must stay on full alert. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 4.

2. 全体共产党员特别是党的领导干部，要坚定理想信念，始终把人民放在心中最高的位置，弘扬党的光荣传统和优良作风，坚决反对形式主义、官僚主义，坚决反对享乐主义，坚决同一切消极腐败现象作斗争，永葆共产党人政治本色，矢志不移为党和人民事业而奋斗。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：43

2. All our Party members, leading officials in particular, should be firm in our belief, always place the people above all else in our hearts and carry forward the Party’s line traditions and conduct. We should firmly oppose formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance, resolutely combat corruption and other misconduct, preserve Communists’ political integrity, and dedicate ourselves to the cause of the Party and the people. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 45.

3. 各级领导干部要带头发扬劳模精神，出实策、鼓实劲、办实事，不图虚名，不务虚功，坚决反对干部群众反映强烈的形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风“四风”，以身作则带领群众把各项工作落到实处。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：48

3. Leading officials at all levels should foster the ethos of model workers. They should pursue realistic policies, boost morale and handle things in a pragmatic way. They should not be pretentious or just pursue image-building accomplishments, and they should firmly oppose formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance, which both government officials and the public detest. They should lead the people by example and deliver a good performance in all their work. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 51.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
最后，本文对我国无权处分行为效力的立法规定作了探讨。并重点介绍了学术界目前对无权处分行为的效力的五种观点，剖析了无效说、债权合同效力待定论、物权合同效力待定论、债权合同效力待定，但不得对抗善意第三人说、有效说的缺陷。在此基础上，作者提出了自己的观点，认为在我国采取债权形式主义物权变动立法模式之下，无权处分合同应为有效合同，并从理论与实践两个层面作了具体的论述。——《论无权处分的效力》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
Finally, it inquires into the legislative regulation on validity of unauthorized disposal act of our country, it specifically introduces five points of view on validity of unauthorized disposal act in recent academic circle and analyses the drawbacks of the theory of invalidity, the theory of validity of contract for credit to be confirmed, the theory of validity of contract of real right to be confirmed, the theory of validity of contract for credit to be confirmed but no resistance to bona  fide third party and theory of validity, based on which the author puts forward his own points of view that in our country, under the legislative model of adopting credit formalism and real right changing, the unauthorized disposal contract should be valid contract. And to illustrate this point of view the author makes a concrete discussion from both legislative theoretical and practical perspectives
.
例句 2：
对于债权的连续让与问题，根据通知形式主义法律模式原理，通过结合民法其他基本原理与制度，区分了三种情形分别进行讨论，从而得出具体判断。——《债权让与法律模式研究》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
Regarding the question of successive assignment of obligatory rights, th