字词 | 《方法谈》 |
释义 | 《方法谈》【英】Discourse on Method译文来源[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:110. 定义《方法谈》全名为《论正确引导理性在各门科学中寻求真理的方法》,由笛卡尔所著。该书实际上由一篇导论和三篇附录《屈光学》、《气象学》、《几何学》所组成。《方法谈》是笛卡尔第一次公开发表的著作,流传很广,影响极大。导论现在也被称为《方法谈》,它以半自传形式,深入浅出地介绍了笛卡尔自己新的哲学方法及其形成的过程。在这本书中,笛卡尔向经院哲学发起了挑战。他主张把怀疑作为手段,抛弃一切因袭的见解,以找出一条最清楚、最明白的原理,作为形而上学的、首先是认识论的出发点,这就是他的著名的命题“我思故我在”。在认识方法上,他认为哲学要像几何学那样,先找出完全清晰而明白的真理作为出发点,然后运用演绎推理方法,由简到繁推论出一套完整的哲学系统。而他的完全清晰而明白的真理不是来源于经验,而是某种天赋的东西。此外,笛卡尔还从他的第一命题“我思故我在”出发,阐述了他的二元论思想。这部著作流传甚广,对后人影响很大,有人甚至认为它对现代哲学的基本倾向有根本性的影响。作为附录的三篇科学论文本来是《世界》一书的三节,其中《几何学》一篇最为重要,它阐述了著名的“笛卡尔坐标系”,用代数方法处理几何问题,奠定了现代解析几何的基础。此书用法文写成,它文字简洁、流畅、优雅、通俗,不仅在哲学史上占有重要位置,而且也是法国文学史上的名篇之一,在很长时期中,这部散文作品被奉为法国语言文学的楷模(蒋永福,2000:1997)。 定义来源蒋永福.东西方哲学大辞典[Z].江西人民出版社,2000. 例句1. 笛卡儿和培根一样,认为生产形式的改变和人对自然的实际统治,是思维方法改变的结果。他的《方法论》就说明了这一点,他在该书中写道:“可以〈用他介绍到哲学中的方法〉获得一种对生活非常有益的知识,找到一种实践哲学来代替学校中所讲授的思辨哲学,借助实践哲学,我们就可以象了解我们的手工业者的各种职业一样,清楚地了解火、水、空气、星球以及我们周围的其他一切物体的力量和作用,这样我们就能在一切适合的地方利用这些力量和作用,从而使自己成为自然的主人和占有者”,并且“促进人类生活的完善”。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)》,1972:428 1. That Descartes, like Bacon, anticipated an alteration in the form of production, and the practical subjugation of Nature by Man, as a result of the altered methods of thought is plain from his Discours de la Méthode. He there says: “It is possible” (by the method he introduced in philosophy) “to attain knowledge very useful in life and, in place of the speculative philosophy taught in the schools, one can find a practical philosophy by which, given that we know the powers and the effectiveness of fire, water, air, the stars, and all the other bodies that surround us, as well and as accurately as we know the various trades of our craftsmen, we shall be able to employ them in the same manner as the latter to all uses to which they are adapted, and thus as it were make ourselves the masters and the possessors of nature”, and thus “contributing to the perfection of human life”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35), 1996: 394. 2. 首先是处于古典经济学起点位置的威廉·配第。以往我们都认为,配第的方法论前提是英国经验论的唯物主义哲学,他第一次运用这种方法观察社会现象,特别是运用到经济过程中来。这一点没有错。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:26 2. The first of these is William Petty, one of the founders of classical economics. In the past, it was believed that the premise of Petty’s methodology was the materialist philosophy of English empiricism. This belief was based on the fact that he was the first to use empirical methods to observe social phenomena, particularly in his observation of economic phenomena. This is all true. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 2. 3. 照此说来,将经验论的唯物主义指认为古典经济学之开端的早期资产阶级经济学的方法论前提似乎是确定无疑的。但事实真的仅仅如此吗?我要提出一种辨识:早期政治经济学中的哲学方法论与英国的经验论之间存在着重要的理论异质性。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:27 3. Up to this point in our discussion, there seems to be little doubt as to the validity of classifying empirical materialism as the methodological premise of early bourgeois economics, as well as its role as the origin of classical economics. Is reality really that simple enough? I would like to suggest an alternative interpretation: that there is a significant theoretical discrepancy between the philosophical methodology of early political economy and English empiricism. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 4. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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