宏观调控【英】

macro control

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 83.

定义

宏观调控，是经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯提出的概念，指国家综合运用各种手段对国民经济进行的一种调节与控制（via: http://www.baike.com/wiki/%25E5%25AE%258F%25E8%25A7%2582%25E8%25B0%2583%25E6%258E%25A7）。凯恩斯指出，宏观调控是保证社会再生产协调发展的必要条件，也是国家管理经济的重要职能（via: http://baike.sogou.com/v657855.htm）。因此，宏观调控是市场经济体制的重要组成部分，是国家从经济运行的全局出发，按照预定目标对国民经济活动进行的调节和控制（刘浩，2001：39）。在市场经济中，商品和服务的供应及需求受价格规律及自由市场机制影响。市场经济带来经济增长，但可能引发通货膨胀，高潮后所跟随的衰退也可能使经济停滞甚至倒退。市场经济的周期波动对社会资源及生产力都构成了严重的影响（via: http://baike.baidu.com/subview/16822/16822.html）。宏观调控是着重于整体社会的经济运作，政府通过运用政策、法规、计划等手段，对经济运行状态和经济关系进行调节和干预，以保证国民经济的持续、快速、协调、健康发展（via: http://baike.so.com/doc/1174704-1242548.html）。在中国，宏观调控包括四项主要任务，分别是保持经济总量平衡、抑制通货膨胀、促进重大经济结构优化、实现经济稳定增长；宏观调控主要运用的手段包括价格、税收、信贷、汇率等经济手段、法律手段以及行政手段（via: http://www.baike.com/wiki/%25E5%25AE%258F%25E8%25A7%2582%25E8%25B0%2583%25E6%258E%25A7）。宏观调控的实施主体是国家机关，主要是权力机关和行政机关。通过宏观调控，可以实现社会总供给与总需求的基本平衡、弥补市场调节的不足。宏观调控对促进经济增长、增加就业、稳定物价、保持国际收支平衡也具有积极作用（via: http://baike.sogou.com/v657855.htm）。

定义来源

[1] 宏观调控.via:
http://www.baike.com/wiki/%25E5%25AE%258F%25E8%25A7%2582%25E8%25B0%2583%25E6%258E%25A7
[2] 宏观调控.via: http://baike.sogou.com/v657855.htm
[3] 刘浩.社会主义市场经济名词解释[Z].西北大学出版社，2001.
[4] 宏观调控.via: http://baike.baidu.com/subview/16822/16822.html
[5] 宏观调控.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/1174704-1242548.html

例句

1. 1992年，党的十四大提出了我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，提出要使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。这一重大理论突破，对我国改革开放和经济社会发展发挥了极为重要的作用。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：75

1. In 1992 the Party’s 14th National Congress stipulated that China’s economic reform aimed at establishing a socialist market economy, allowing the market to play a basic role in allocating resources under state macro control. This key breakthrough in theory played an extremely important role in guiding China’s reform and opening-up effort, and its economic and social development. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 83.

2. 从党的十四大以来的20多年间，对政府和市场关系，我们一直在根据实践拓展和认识深化寻找新的科学定位。党的十五大提出“使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用”，党的十六大提出“在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”，党的十七大提出“从制度上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”，党的十八大提出“更大程度更广范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”。可以看出，我们对政府和市场关系的认识也在不断深化。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：76

2. Over the past two decades since the Party’s 14th National Congress we have kept searching for a new positioning for the relationship between the government and the market through practice and theoretical research. The Party’s 15th National Congress proposed that “the market plays a basic role in allocating resources under state macro control,’’ the Party’s 16th National Congress proposed to “give fuller play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources,” the Party’s 17th National Congress sought to “introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources,” and the Party’s 18th National Congress stipulated that the Party should “leverage to a greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating resources.” From the above progression it can be seen that we have been constantly deepening our understanding of the government-market relationship. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 83.

3. 发展社会主义市场经济，既要发挥市场作用，也要发挥政府作用，但市场作用和政府作用的职能是不同的。全会决定对更好发挥政府作用提出了明确要求，强调科学的宏观调控，有效的政府治理，是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：77

3. To develop the socialist market economy, leverage should be given to both the market and the government, with differentiated functions. The Decision put forth clear requirements for improving the functions of the government, emphasizing that scientific macro control and effective governance are the intrinsic requirements for giving more leverage to the advantages of the socialist market economy. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 85.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
房地产宏观调控是国家凭借经济、法律和行政等调控手段，从宏观上对房地产市场进行调节和控制，以促进房地产市场在供需总量和结构上的优化与平衡，实现房地产与国民经济的协调发展。——《中国房地产宏观调控法律制度研究》，宁波大学硕士学位论文，2012
Real estate macro regulation refers to the government regulate and control the real estate market in the macroscopic level to promote the real estate market's optimization and balance in the total amount of supply and demand as well as structure, and achieve the coordinated growth of real estate and national economy.

例句 2：
通过对宏观调控主体各方面问题的研究，从法律层面上对其行为进行规制，以将宏观调控决策所带来的负面损害降低到最低点，实现国家实施宏观调控的目的。——《论宏观调控主体的法律规制》，河南师范大学硕士学位论文，2013
Through the study of all aspects of macro-control subject, we can regulate its behavior at the legal level, and reduce the negative effects bring by macro-control policy, and then realize the purpose of national macro-control.

例句 3：
针对房地产业在部分地区发展过热的现象，我国政府开始对房地产业进行有针对性的宏观调控。——《房地产宏观调控的法律思考》，中南民族大学硕士学位论文，2009
Since the development of real estate industry appeared overheating in some areas, the country started to take corresponding measures of macroeconomic regulation.