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字词 欲望哲学
释义

欲望哲学【英】

philosophy of desire

译文来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:1874.
[2] Philosophy of desire. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_desire

定义

欲望哲学,当代著名哲学家、后结构主义主要代表吉尔·德勒泽的哲学观点,后结构主义的主要理论。其主要的理论来源是尼采主义,产生的直接原因是对以“五月风暴”失败为标志的西方马克思主义和费洛伊德主义失败的反思。德勒泽认为“欲望是自由发展的,它采取分裂增生的方式颠覆一切社会形态,破除社会的中心,打碎社会的结构。人在欲望中生活,人就是一台欲望机器,欲望表现为欲望机器的分裂增生的过程”(金炳华,2003:1057),不应该对人的欲望进行压制。德勒泽分析了社会如何对人的欲望加以压制,他把这种压制称为“范围的控制”,而欲望打破控制则称为“反范围控制”,或“破除规范”。德勒泽反对弗洛伊德及马尔库塞等对奥狄浦斯情结的解释,认为资本主义社会的出现就是奥狄浦斯化的实现。欲望哲学其实质是一种反对一切形式的法西斯主义的生活艺术,其意义和价值在于把人的本能欲望冲动与社会生产联系起来,从一个特定的剖面提出了到底应该怎样看待人的欲望问题。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 马尔塞库对艺术实验的支持也促使他远离正统马克思主义的传统。在他的一生中,这仍然是正式地忠于社会主义的现实主义原则。后者的支持者实际上把所有的艺术实验都视为精英主义,并且仍然坚持反代主义的观点,蔑视20世纪西方艺术世界所发生的事情。卢卡奇在正统意义上并不是社会主义的现实主义者(而且是后斯大林时代美学的一位公开批评者),甚至他都被发现站在反现代主义者一边。马尔塞库审美信念同样显示了一种在这一领域超越马克思主义正统的欲望:一种挑战公认的智慧和传统假设的欲望;在他看来,这些智慧和传统假设等于背叛了马克思主义的革命理想。他与阿多诺、布莱希特和本雅明一道(他们在美学理论中都赞同现代主义立场)挑战了社会主义的现实主义美学,后者认为现代主义基本上是精英主义的和反社会主义的。­­—— 《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:135-136

1. Marcuse’s championship of artistic experiment also serves to distance him from the orthodox tradition, which in his lifetime was still officially committed to the principles of socialist realism. Proponents of the latter regarded virtually all artistic experiment as elitist, and remained anti-modernist in outlook in defiance to what was happening in the Western artistic world as the twentieth century advanced. Even Lukács, no socialist realist in the orthodox sense (and in post-Stalinist times an outright critic of the aesthetic), was to be found on the side of the anti-modernists. Marcus’s aesthetic beliefs indicate a desire to go beyond Marxist orthodoxy in this realm as well: a desire to challenge received wisdom and traditional assumptions that in his opinion amount to a betrayal of Marxism’s revolutionary ideals. He is in company with Adorno, Brecht and Benjamin, all of whom had taken the side of modernism in their aesthetic theories, challenging the received wisdom of the socialist realist aesthetic which regarded modernism as fundamentally elitist and anti-socialist. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 87.

2. 但是,黑格尔在什么地方讲过这些呢?在《现象学》的结尾,逻辑作为第二哲学那还是以后的事。但是现象学——这些恰好突出地反驳了谢林的理解——并不是一门纯理性科学,它只指出通往理性科学的道路,即把经验的东西、感性意识提高到纯理性科学的观点。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十一卷)》,1982:239

2. But where does Hegel say this? At the end of the Phänomenologie, where he has the whole of logic before him as a second philosophy. Phenomenology, however— here stands out the very opposite of Schelling’s interpretation—was not the pure science of reason, but only the path to it, the raising of the empirical, of sensory consciousness to the level of the pure science of reason. Not logical, but phenomenological consciousness finds these three -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 2), 1975: 217.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
第二阶段是20世纪70年代末以前,这是利奥塔思想的“漂流”期。他在现实的多样化矛盾面前逐渐丧失了对马克思主义的信仰,先是以尼采的思想来改造弗洛伊德和马克思的理论并发展了一种“欲望哲学”,而后又抛弃了这一哲学立场,转向异教主义,在其中已经显示出后现代主义的端倪。第三阶段,也就是20世纪70年代末以后,是利奥塔思想发展的最后阶段。他正式提出了自己的后现代主义,并在此基础上大力颂扬“崇高美学”夕,深入探索社会公正问题。——《利奥塔的“崇高美学”思想研究》,山东大学博士学位论文,2010
The second is before the 1970s. To his philosophy, it was a time of driftage. After losing the belief to Marxism in front of the diverse conflict in society, he firstly developed a “philosophy of desire”, to reverse the theory of Freud and Marx with Nietzsche's philosophy. Then he cast off it and raised the theory of paganism, in which we can see the clue of his postmodernism. The third is after the 1970s until his death. This is the last developing period of Lyotard's theory. He formally brought forward his postmodernism, advocated his aesthetics of the Sublime on the basis of it and went deep into the problems of justice.

例句 2:
德勒兹的哲学思想主要有两个根基即差异哲学和欲望哲学。差异哲学是对西方传统的同一哲学的对抗,主张对于少数和差异的观照。欲望哲学是试图将西方传统哲学下被压抑的欲望解放出来。基于这两个哲学根基,德勒兹的政治思想相应的分为两部分,国家式政治思维和游牧式式政治思维。国家式政治思维的表现形式是编码、辖域化、树状和捕获;游牧式政治思维的表现形式是解码、解辖域化、根茎、反捕获和游牧民。国家式政治思维主张是在同一哲学指导下对于欲望的编码和辖域化,而游牧式政治思维是在差异哲学指导下对于欲望的解码和辖域化,德勒兹意图让人们用战争机器找出一条游牧民式的政治生活方式。——《回归社会—德勒兹对于传统国家观的反思》,天津师范大学硕士学位论文,2013
Deleuze's philosophical thinking is mainly based on the philosophy of difference and desire

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