字词 | 社会民主党 |
释义 | 社会民主党【英】social democratic party译文来源[1]Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 265. 定义社会民主党亦称“社会民主工党”、“社会党”、“工党”,大多成立于巴黎公社失败后到二十世纪初资本主义相对和平发展时期。1848年法国革命时期,小资产阶级共和主义者路易·勃朗、赖德律—洛兰等人最早自称为社会民主主义者。他们谴责资本主义制度,但否认阶级斗争,主张进行和平改革,建立民主社会共和国,实现社会主义。19世纪下半叶,随着工人运动的不断发展和马克思主义的广泛传播,在欧美一些国家中相继建立了无产阶级政党。“以1869年成立的德国社会民主工党为最早,继而成立的有英国社会民主联盟、美国劳动人民党和法国工人党等”(姚望等,1991:738)。1899年各国社会民主党在恩格斯的领导下成立第二国际,对于促进各国无产阶级在马克思主义旗帜下的联合,推动国际工人运动的发展起了积极作用。恩格斯逝世后,由于第二国际内部机会主义迅速增长,绝大多数社会民主党都逐渐蜕化成为主张社会改良的资产阶级政党。只有列宁领导的俄国社会民主工党(布尔什维克)沿着马克思主义路线前进,取得十月革命的胜利。第一次世界大战中,机会主义者控制的社会民主党,站在社会沙文主义立场上,支持本国资产阶级政府参加帝国主义战争。十月社会主义革命胜利后,它们公开维护资本主义体系,反对十月革命和无产阶级专政。第二次世界大战后,许多社会民主党在其右翼首领的操纵下,进一步为垄断资产阶级服务,各国社会民主党筹备成立国际组织(高狄,1991:2333)。1951年6月,在西德法兰克福召开的国际社会党人代表大会上正式宣布成立社会民主党、社会党和工党的国际联合组织“社会党国际”。它宣称其奋斗目标是“以民主的方法建立一个自由的新社会”,它们信奉“民主社会主义”、“人道的社会主义”、“自治管理的社会主义”等。强调自由、平等、民主和人权,主张多党制,反对一党制,反对共产主义、无产阶级革命和无产阶级专政(迟福林,张占斌,1992:635)。 定义来源[1]高狄.毛泽东周恩来刘少奇朱德邓小平陈云著作大辞典 下卷[Z].山西经济出版社,1991. 例句1. 共产党决不赞助任何掠夺战争。共产党对于一切正义的非掠夺的谋解放的战争,则将挺身出而赞助,并站在斗争的最前线。第二国际所属的社会民主党,在张伯伦、达拉第的威迫利诱之下,正在发生分化,一部分上层反动分子正在蹈袭第一次大战时的覆辙,准备赞助新的帝国主义战争。但另一部分,则将和共产党一道建立反战反法西斯的人民阵线。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:582 1. Communists will in no circumstances support any predatory war: They will, however, bravely step forward to support every just and non-predatory war for liberation, and they will stand in the forefront of the struggle. With Chamberlain and Daladier practising intimidation and bribery, the social democratic parties affiliated to the Second International are splitting up. One section, the reactionary upper stratum, is following the same old disastrous road as in the First World War and is ready to support the new imperialist war. But another section will join with the Communists in forming a popular front against war and fascism. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 265. 2. 有些人说:第二次帝国主义世界大战既然爆发了,苏联或者会参加战争的一方,就是说,苏联红军似乎即将参加德国帝国主义的战线。这种意见,我以为是不正确的。现在爆发的战争,无论在英法方面,或德国方面,都是非正义的、掠夺的、帝国主义的战争。世界各国的共产党,世界各国的人民,都应该起来反对这种战争,都应该揭穿战争双方的帝国主义性质,即仅仅有害于世界人民而丝毫也不利于世界人民的这种性质,都应该揭穿社会民主党拥护帝国主义战争背叛无产阶级利益的罪恶的行为。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:595 2. Some people say that now that the second imperialist world war has broken out, the Soviet Union will probably take sides--in other words, the Soviet Red Army seems to be on the point of joining the German imperialist front. I consider this view incorrect. On whichever side, the Anglo--French or the German, the war that has just broken out is an unjust, predatory and imperialist war. The Communist Parties and the people of all countries should rise up against it and expose the imperialist character of both belligerents, for this imperialist war brings only harm and no benefit whatever to the people of the world, and they should expose the criminal acts of the social democratic parties in supporting the imperialist war and betraying the interests of the proletariat. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 277. 3. 第二个事实。在一九一四年至一九一七年帝国主义战争炽烈的时期,所有的或几乎所有的社会民主党和社会党都染上了流行的爱国主义狂热,替本国的帝国主义尽忠效劳。这是第二国际在资本面前放下自己的旗帜,连普列汉诺夫、考茨基和盖得等等一类人物都抵挡不住沙文主义浪潮的时期。当时只有列宁一人,或几乎只有列宁一人掀起了反对社会沙文主义和社会和平主义的坚决斗争,揭露盖得之流和考茨基之流的变节行为,痛斥骑墙派“革命家”的不彻底性。列宁明知跟随他走的只有很少的少数,但是他认为这没有决定的意义,因为他知道,彻底的国际主义政策是唯一正确的有前途的政策,因为他知道,原则性的政策是唯一正确的政策。——《斯大林全集(第六卷)》,1956:44 3. Second fact. It was in the period 1914-17, when the imperialist war was in full swing, and when all, or nearly all, the Social Democratic and Socialist parties had succumbed to the general patriotic frenzy and had placed themselves at the service of the imperialism of their respective countries. It was a period when the Second International had hauled down its colours to capitalism, when even people like Plekhanov, Kautsky, Guesde and the rest were unable to withstand the tide of chauvinism.Lenin at that time was the only one, or almost the only one, to wage a determined struggle against social chauvinism and social pacifism, to denounce the treachery of the Guesdes and Kautskys, and to stigmatise the half-heartedness of the betwixt and between “revolutionaries.” Lenin knew that he was backed by only an insignificant minority, but to him this was not of decisive moment, for he knew that the only correct policy with a future before it was the policy of consistent internationalism, that a policy based on principle is the only correct policy. -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 6), 1953: 61. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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