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字词 工人运动
释义

工人运动【英】

the working-class movement; the workers’ movement

译文来源

[1] Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 64.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 21.

定义

工人运动(the working-class movement, the workers’ movement)泛指劳工为了得到雇主与政府较好的待遇(例如制定劳动法令)而组织起来的活动。这些组织通常称为工联。许多知识份子与政治群体也介入劳工运动。在历史上,劳工运动始于工业革命后的欧洲,起初受到政府的强力压制。现今习以为常的周休二日、最低工资、有给薪休假及工时缩短等权利,都是当时劳工运动者的诉求。随着国际贸易与跨国公司的兴起,近年来劳工运动也有走向国际串联的趋势(via: http://baike.so.com/doc/2132441-2256193.html)。其中较出名的是欧洲三大工人运动。欧洲三大工人运动,即法国里昂丝织工人两次起义、英国宪章运动、德国西里西亚纺织工人起义。十九世纪三四十年代,英、法、德等国无产阶级开展了独立的政治运动,主要表现就是发生了著名的三大工人运动。三大工人运动的新特点,表明无产阶级作为独立的政治力量登上了历史舞台。工人斗争的丰富经验,为马克思、恩格斯进行理论研究提供了宝贵的材料,也使马克思主义的产生成为可能;三大工人运动的失败,则从反面提出了创立科学的革命理论的迫切要求(via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5881393-6094270.html)。

定义来源

[1] via: http://baike.so.com/doc/2132441-2256193.html
[2] via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5881393-6094270.html

例句

1. 第一篇,是从《苏联共产党(布)历史简要读本》上搞下的,话的是列宁怎得做宣传。其中讲到列宁写传单的情形:在列宁领导下,彼得堡‘工人阶级解放斗争协会'第一次在俄国开始把社会主义与工人运动结合起来。——《毛泽东选集(第三卷)》,1991:798-799

1. The first piece, composed of excerpts from the History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), Short Course, deals with the way Lenin did propaganda work. It describes, among other things, how Lenin wrote leaflets: Under Lenin’s guidance, the St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class was the first body in Russia that began to unite Socialism with the working-class movement. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 64.

2. 19世纪60年代以来,意大利的工人运动基本上处于无政府状态。只是到了19世纪90年代,随着一个不断壮大的社会主义政党的形成,马克思主义才开始产生影响。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:18

2. In Italy, the workers’ movement had been largely anarchist from the 1860s onwards: Marxism had only begun to make an impact in the 1890s with the formation of an increasingly successful socialist party. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 21.

3. 这条发展道路是从空想到对现实的认识,从工人运动最初的伟大思想家规定的先验目标到1871年公社清楚了解的“工人阶级不是要实现什么理想”,而只是“要解放新社会的因素”。——《历史与阶级意识——关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:73

3. The path taken by this evolution leads from utopia to the knowledge of reality; from transcendental goals fixed by the first great leaders of the workers’ movement to the clear perception by the Commune of 1871 that the working-class has “no ideals to realize”, but wishes only “to liberate the elements of the new society”. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 22.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
恩格斯晚年关于美国工人运动的论述主要包括两个方面:1886年之前,他侧重于论述美国工人运动的前进性;1886年之后,他侧重于论述美国工人运动的曲折性。——“略论恩格斯晚年对美国工人运动的看法”,载于《社会主义研究》2015年02期
In his later years, Engels's view on American labor movement mainly consists of two parts. Before 1886, he put emphasis on the advance of American labor movement, while after that, he gave priority to its tortuousness instead.

例句 2:
邓恩铭20世纪20年代在山东组织党务工作期间,领导青岛工人进行了几次在全国产生较大影响的工人罢工,形成了独具特色的工人运动思想,在我国工人运动史上占有重要的地位。——《邓恩铭工人运动思想述评》,贵州师范大学硕士学位论文,2008
During the periods of organizing party affairs in Shandong in 1920s, Deng enming led Qingdao workers to go on several strikes that had greater impacts on the whole nation, and gradually formed his unique thoughts of Workers’ Movement, which took an important position in the history of Chinese Workers’ Movement.

例句 3:
第五章在前面几章论述的基础上,对陈独秀在工人运动理论与实践方面进行一个简要的历史评析,认为陈独秀轻视工人阶级的力量、指责工人阶级的弱点、和消极对待工人运动都是比较接近当时客观实际的。——《试论党创立和大革命时期陈独秀工人运动的理论与实践》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2013
On the basis of previous discusses, the fifth chapter gives a brief historical analysis and evaluation of Chen Duxiu in the aspects of theory and practice of workers’ movement , which support that it closes to the reality that Chen Duxiu underestimated the power of the working class, accused the weakness of the working class, and negative treatment of workers’ movement.

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