字词 | 对象化 |
释义 | 对象化【英】objectification译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014:40. 定义对象化,又被译作“人的本质的对象化”、“劳动的对象化”。指人在实践中将自己的本质力量体现于客体对象,在对象中实现、肯定自己,使对象成为人的本质力量的确证。它原来是黑格尔的用语,指“绝对精神”的自我运动发展到一定阶段时便外化为自然,异化为自己的对立面客体。马克思在《1848年经济学哲学手稿》中赋予它新的含义。马克思指出:“劳动的产品就是固定在某个对象中、物化为对象的劳动,这就是劳动的对象化”。(马克思,恩格斯,1979:91)对象化对主体来说,是人的本质的对象化、外在化、客体化;对客体来说,是对象的主体化、人化、社会化。人是客体的对象,客体又是人的对象。人自身又对象化,对象又主体化,从而使思维与存在、主体与客体达到了和谐统一。马克思正是在这对象化关系中,找到了人与动物的根本区别即劳动。马克思认为,对象化或人的本质的对象化,是人在改造客观世界和改造主观世界的劳动实践中实现的,所以自觉自由的劳动才创造了美。马克思的这些观点被苏联、中国和其他国家的美学家引申到美学中,用以论证美、审美、美感及美的创造、发展的实质。他们认为,认为美离不开人和人的社会实践。(朱立元,2014:23) 定义来源[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第42卷)[M].人民出版社,1979. 例句1. 以黑格尔之见,劳动在观念的总体异化(对象化)中,首先是人类的精神本质(绝对精神在现实中的次主人)得以实现的必要环节。依据上面我们已经指认的大逻辑,劳动也就是主体类意识的外化与异化,因为精神性的人之类本质实现为物质性的活动,并直接对象化于劳动产品中,所以劳动也意味着人类的自我产生,以及人的主体性之自我确立和提高。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:69 1. According to Hegel, in the process of the total alienation (objectification) of the Idea, labor is first the necessary link by which the spiritual essence of humanity—the Absolute Spirit expressing itself as the secondary master in reality—is realized. According to the macro logic that we have already established in the earlier section, labor is the externalization and alienation of the subjective species-consciousness, because the species-essence of the spiritual man is realized as material activity, and is directly objectified in the form of labor products. Thus labor implies the self-generation of the human race, as well as the subjective self-establishment and self-exaltation of man. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 40. 2. 原来在黑格尔那里是观念构建世界,在理念逻辑沉沦为自然之后,新生出来的人不过是观念神在一个更高的社会历史行进中,假手劳动对象化和外化出去的工具,但最终“人”被揭穿为理念的高级外壳,异化和对象化的共同扬弃是在绝对观念中完成的。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:314 2. For Hegel, in the beginning, the idea structures the world. After the idea logic falls and becomes nature, newly born man is nothing but a tool in a higher level of social historical progression that the idea god uses to realize itself in labor objectification and alienation. Man is revealed as the highest shell of the idea and the dual transcendence of estrangement and objectification is accomplished in the Absolute Idea. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 240. 3. 在资本主义的生产中,人类社会第一次创造出一个全面的、丰富的劳动关系体系,人的“类本质”在价值交换打破地域局限的普遍性中才出现真正的交往的全面性。但是,这种人类主体的本质关系并不以自身的形式直接表现出来,而是以物化的经济形式表现出来的,它也必将以主体(个体)间隔了的物化形式才能得以实现。实际上,黑格尔深刻地看到了这里本质“沉沦”于物相的必然性,所以对象化才必然地就是异化。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:524 3. In capitalist production, human society created for the first time a comprehensive and rich system of labor relations. With the universality that comes as man’s “species- essence” broke free from regional constraints in the exchange of value, emerges true comprehensive intercourse. However, this essential relation of the human subject is not directly expressed in its own form, but rather emerges as a reified economic form. It is only expressed as an objectified form separating subjects (individuals). In fact, Hegel profoundly sees the necessity that this essence “sink” to the level of material, and therefore objectification is necessarily alienation. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 413. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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