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字词 客观辩证法
释义

客观辩证法【英】

objective dialectics

译文来源

Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 77.

定义

客观辩证法是客观世界由其自身的矛盾运动所引起的运动、变化和发展的过程,是以物质联系运动发展的客观状态形式存在的辩证法,即客观事物以相互作用、相互联系的形式呈现出的各种物质形态的辩证运动和发展规律,总体属于物质的范畴。恩格斯说:“所谓客观辩证法是支配着整个自然界的,而所谓主观辩证法,即辩证的思维,不过是自然界中到处盛行的对立中的运动的反映而已”(马克思,恩格斯,1972:534)。辩证法的规律,即自然界和人类社会发展的客观规律反映到人们的头脑中,人们根据这个规律去认识世界,形成了辩证法的世界观,这就是概念的辩证法,即主观辩证法。客观辩证法以外部必然性的形式存在,不以人的意志为转移。事物发展的客观辩证法决定着人们认识事物的主观辩证法。主观辩证法是客观辩证法在人们头脑中的反映,虽然在反映形式是主观的,但它的内容却是客观的,不存在完全脱离客观的纯主观的辩证法(李社来,1981:96)。而对客观辩证法的把握又是在不断发展的辩证思维和认识过程中达到的,并且只有把客观辩证法变成人的辩证思维,客观辩证法才有认识世界和改造世界的意义。研究客观辩证法,归根揭底,是为了把握指导人们实践活动的客观规律和科学方法。

定义来源

[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集[C].人民出版社,1972.
[2] 李社来.客观辩证法和主观辩证法[J].中州学刊,1981(2).

例句

1. 无产阶级现在或者是听天由命地屈从这些“规律”(生产的自然规律),或者是“从道德上”把这些“规律”接收到自己的意志中去(国家是观念,是文化价值)。毫无疑问,这些规律反正会以其对物化意识说来不可理解的客观辩证法促使资本主义走向灭亡,但是,只要资本主义还存在,这样一种社会观念就是符合资产阶级基本的阶级利益的。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思辩证法的研究》,1996:289

1. Thus the proletariat submits to the ‘laws’ of bourgeois society either in a spirit of supine fatalism (e.g. towards the natural laws of production) or else in a spirit of 'moral' affirmation (the state as an ideal, a cultural positive). It is doubt1ess true that these 'laws' are part of an objective dialectic inaccessible to the reified consciousness and as such lead to the downfall of capitalism. But as long as capitalism survives, such a view of society corresponds to the elementary class interests of the bourgeoisie. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 196.

2. 这也是阿多诺理论中常常被严重误解的方面。一些并没有真正读懂阿多诺的论者就曾武断地断言,否定的辩证法就是“否认客观辩证法”,是将辩证法变成一种“纯主观的东西”。真的如此吗?我们来看阿多诺自己真正想说明的观点,我们发现,阿多诺首先是在传统认识论的领域里开始这种理论界划的,然后,再延伸到相关的重要理论讨论域。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:47

2. This tendency in Adorno’s theoretical framework is usually misunderstood by some scholars who haven't read Adorno correctly. They arbitrarily assert that Negative Dialectics is “a negation of the objective dialectics,” taking dialectics as something “purely subjective”. Is it really true? Let's find out what on earth Adorno wants to tell us. As we see, Adorno starts to draw a theoretical borderline in the field of traditional epistemology and then extends it to other theoretical fields related to the discussion. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 77.

3. 因为在传统哲学解释框架的认识论中,“映像的总体混合成现实性面前的一堵墙。映像理论否认主体的自主性,否认生产力和生产关系的客观辩证法和运动。如果主体坚持执拗地反映客体——必然抓不住客体,客体只对思想中的主观盈余开放自身——那么,结果便是一体化管理的不安宁的精神沉寂。”——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:73

3. In the cognitive framework of the traditiona1 philosophy, “the tota1ity of images b1ends into a wall before reality. The image theory denies the spontaneity of the subject, a movement of the objective dialectics of productive forces and conditions. If the subject is bound to mu1ish1y mirror the object-necessari1y missing the object, which on1y opens itse1f to the subjective surp1us in the thought-the result is the non-peaceful spiritua1 si1ence of integra1 administration.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 112.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
由于一切范畴,特别是辨证唯物主义哲学的范畴是客观辩证法、认识论和逻辑学的统一,因此可以说,他们不仅是客观辩证法的反映,又是认识史的阶段和总结,而且也是逻辑思维的形式和工具。——《马克思的逻辑范畴理论》,山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
Because all category, especially the dialectical materialism philosophy range is objective dialectics, epistemology and logic unification, therefore we can say that they are not only reflect the objective dialectics, and summarized the stage and recognition, but also logical thinking form and tools.

例句 2:
客观辩证法的生存根基遭遇质疑,衍义进程迫近困境,使其深陷存在合法性争端的尴尬境地。——“客观辩证法生成逻辑的本读然解——以黑格尔《逻辑学》为中心”,载于《辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版)》2008年第4期
Objective dialectics’ foundation of survival is queried and its evolving process is approaching the difficulties, which bogged it down in an awkward position of disputing the legitimacy of the its existence.

例句 3:
当下一些中外学者否认恩格斯的客观辩证法,认为辩证法只存在于社会历史领域,并制造马、恩之间的对立。——“决定性、非决定性与马克思主义的客观辩证法”,载于《南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版)》2015年第4期
Some scholars deny Engels’ objective dialectics nowaday, they think that dialectics is only in the fields of social history, and they are glad to think that there are contradictions between Marx and Engels.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:46:34