价格改革【英】

pricing reform; price reform; reform of price

译文来源

[1] Report on the Work of the Government, 2016. via: http://english.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/03/17/content_281475309417987.htm
[2] Report on the Work of Government, 2015. via:
http://english.gov.cn/archive/publications/2015/03/05/content_281475066179954.htm
[3] Deng Xiaoping. Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 3) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1995: 272.

定义

价格改革指用新的价格体系和价格管理体制取代旧的价格体系和价格管理体制的转换过程。价格改革是中国经济体制改革的一个重要内容，推进价格改革是实现经济运行机制转轨的关键。价格改革同所有制改革一起，构成中国经济改革的两条主线。历史上，中国的价格改革大体经过了三个发展阶段。第一阶段，价格改革初步试点。1978年底至1984年底，主要是试点，以调整不合理价格体系为主，为此后较大规模放开价格创造了条件。1984年,党的十二届三中全会 《关于经济体制改革的决定》指出:“价格是最有效的调节手段，合理的价格是保证国民经济活而不乱的重要条件，价格体系的改革是整个经济体制改革成败的关键”。第二阶段，价格改革全面扩展。自1985年开始，由试点进入全面铺开。1985年迈的步子较大，引起了市场物价上升。1986年、1987年采取了巩固、消化、补充、改善的八字方针，放稳了改革的步子。第三阶段，价格改革治理整顿。1988年9月开始进入了治理整顿深化改革的新阶段，其中心是消除通货膨胀，降低物价上升幅度。1988年8月15至 17日,中央政治局在北戴河召开扩大会议，讨论、通过《关于价格、工资改革的初步方案》。1988年8月19日，《人民日报》刊登新华社关于政治局讨论并原则通过《关于价格、工资改革的初步方案》的公报。进入新世纪后，我国面临全面建设小康社会、加快推进工业化和城市化的艰巨任务。2007年党的十七大特别提出要完善反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的生产要素和资源价格形成机制,为新世纪新阶段深化价格改革指明了重点和方向（张卓元，2008：3-9）。

定义来源

张卓元.中国价格改革三十年：成效、历程与展望[J].经济纵横，2008（12）.

例句

1. 财税金融等重点改革深入推进。中央对地方专项转移支付项目减少三分之一，一般性转移支付规模增加。营改增稳步实施，资源税从价计征范围扩大。取消存款利率浮动上限，推出存款保险制度，建立人民币跨境支付系统。价格改革力度加大，中央政府定价项目减少80%，地方政府定价项目减少一半以上。国有企业、农村、投融资、生态文明等领域改革有序推进，全面深化改革的成效正在显现。——《2016年政府工作报告》

1. Fiscal, tax, financial, and other key reforms were deepened. The central government cut, by one third, the number of items for which special transfer payments are permitted, while scaling up its general transfer payments. Steady progress was made in replacing business tax with VAT. Ad valorem taxation was extended to cover more types of resource taxes. The upper limit of the floating band on deposit rates was removed, the deposit insurance system was introduced, and the RMB cross-border payment system was established. Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%. We carried out state-owned enterprise (SOE) reforms, rural reforms, and investment and financing reforms, ecological management reforms, and others. Efforts to intensify reform in all respects are beginning to deliver results. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

2. 不失时机加快价格改革。改革方向是发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目，具备竞争条件的商品和服务价格原则上都要放开。取消绝大部分药品政府定价，下放一批基本公共服务收费定价权。扩大输配电价改革试点，推进农业水价改革，健全节能环保价格政策。完善资源性产品价格，全面实行居民阶梯价格制度。同时必须加强价格监管，规范市场秩序，确保低收入群众基本生活。——《2015年政府工作报告》

2. We will take timely action to accelerate price reform. This reform is aimed at ensuring the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and significantly reducing the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government. In principle, we will lift pricing controls over all goods and services that can viably compete in markets. The government will stop setting prices for most pharmaceuticals arid delegate to lower-level governments the power to set prices for certain basic public services. We will expand the trials of pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution, carry out pricing reforms for water used in agriculture, and improve pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. We will improve the pricing of resource products and fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes. At the same time, we must strengthen oversight over pricing, improve market order, and ensure the basic living standards of people on low incomes. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2015.

3. 我们要定一个方针，就是要在中央统一领导下深化改革。不仅是价格一个方面的改革，而且是多方面的、综合的改革。只有多方面的、综合的改革，才能为价格改革创造条件。当然，真正建立秩序，不理顺价格不行。价格没有理顺，就谈不上经济改革的真正成功。我们准备用若干年时间把价格初步理顺，最终达到面向世界市场。——《邓小平文选（第三卷）》，1993：278

3. We must make it a principle that reform is to be carried out under unified central leadership. By reform I mean not just reform of prices but comprehensive reform in all other areas too. Only through the latter can we create the conditions for the former. Of course, to rectify the economic order, we must straighten out the price system. Without a rational price system, there will be no possibility of truly successful economic reform. Over the next few years we are going to establish a preliminary price system so that we can compete in the world market. -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 3), 1995: 272.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
天然气价格改革是我国能源体制革新的重要领域。——“价格改革对天然气产业链的传导效应及对策建议”，载于《天然气工业》2016年第1期
Natural gas price reform is an important part in China’s energy system innovation.

例句 2：
我国价格改革大致可划分为“改革传统计划价格体制”（1977年4月～1992 年初）和“创建和完善新的市场价格体制”（1992年初至今）两个时期。——“中国‘价格改革’轨迹及其下一步”，载于《改革》2013年第12期
Price reform in China can be roughly divided into two period, “reform of the traditional planned price system”(from April in 1977 to early 1992) and “creation and perfection of the new market price system” (since early 1992).

例句 3：
本文较全面、系统地回顾了价值价格理论的历史发展，分别概述了亚当·斯密、大卫·李嘉图、马克思、庞巴维克、马尔的价值价格理论。在此基础上探讨了价值价格理论的历史演进对于当前中国价值价格理论研究的深化及价格改革的影响和启迪。——“价值价格理论的历史溯源及其启示”，载于《河北经贸大学学报》2003年第5期
This paper, first of all, systematically explores the historic development of the value & price theory, including the theory of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Marx, Bohm-Bawerk and Marshal. Then the paper discusses the impact of the evolvement of value & price theory on China’s current price reform and the theoretical study of value & price theory.