客观现实【英】

objective reality

译文来源

Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 197.

定义

客观现实指客观存在着的现实的真实的事物或现象。其具有两个基本特征：（1）客观性。客观现实具有独立于人之外，不依人的意识为转移的特征；（2）现实实在性。客观事物是当前已经发生或已经成为实事的事物。只有同时满足以上两方面才能称之为客观现实。客观事物泛指客观存在着的一切事物、现象。客观现实与客观事物既有联系又有区别，具体表现在：首先，客观现实与客观事物具有联系。客观现实与客观事物都是一种客观存在的，不依人的意识为转移的客观存在，他们具有相似性和重合性。其次，客观现实与客观事物具有差别。客观事物的范围要比客观现实大，客观现实既包括过去已经发生过的事物，又包括有属于当前正在发生着的事物，同时还包括有属于未来将要发生的事物。而客观现实就是特指当前已经发生或已经成为实事的客观事物（许德祥，1980：72-77）。

定义来源

许德祥.客观真理和客观现实是“两回事”吗[J]．杭州师范学院学报（社会科学版），1980（2）.

例句

1. 他不是反对康德的不可知论（不可知论就是否认我们通过感觉感知的客观实在），而是主张更纯粹的不可知论，主张排除康德的那个和不可知论相矛盾的假定：自在之物是存在的，虽然它们是不可认识的、心智的、彼岸的；必然性和因果性是存在的，虽然它们是先验的，是存在于思维中而不是存在于客观现实中。——《列宁全集（第十八卷）》，1988：203

1. He fought not against the agnosticism of Kant (agnosticism is a denial of the objective reality given in sensation), but for a purer agnosticism, for the elimination of Kant’s assumption, which is contradictory to agnosticism, that there is a thing-in-itself, albeit unknowable, noumenal and other-sided, that there is necessity and causality, albeit a priori, given in our understanding, and not in objective reality. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14), 1977: 197.

2. 根据《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第一条的逻辑，原来那种“他本人”的主观认知活动实际上是以实践的感性活动为基础的，这样，黑格尔的错误首先是把人的物质实践变成人的认知活动，再把这种认知活动及结构变成逻辑本质，实践的此岸性就等于概念的彼岸性。由此，康德是被诓骗过去的！可费尔巴哈把黑格尔颠倒过来的同时却顾此失彼：实践同样被抛弃了，思维被立于感性直观的物相（抽象的人与自然）之上了，概念的彼岸性与客观现实一起被打倒了。这样，康德是被绕过去的。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：332

2. According to the logic of the first thesis in Theses on Feuerbach, the “himself” cognitive activity was actually based on the sensuous activity of practice. Thus Hegel’s mistake was first in changing man’s material practice into his cognitive activity, then turning this cognitive activity and structure into a logical essence. The present world of practice thus becomes the other world of concepts. Thus Kant is duped. But even as Feuerbach reverses Hegel, he rejects practice, thinking is established as a sensuous, perceptual phase (abstract man and nature), and the other world of the concept as well as objective reality are both overthrown. Thus Kant is bypassed. -Quoted from Back to Marx：Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 254.

3. 这种转变，基于马克思经济学视域中的更为基础性的重大转向，即从主体方面立足于无产阶级政治立场对资产阶级政治经济学的直接否定转向对它的基本肯定。通过《布鲁塞尔笔记》和《曼彻斯特笔记》，马克思已经发现，李嘉图是唯一没有浪漫色彩的人，他眼里只有客观现实性。而李嘉图式的社会主义经济学家的思想对马克思的重要影响，就是直接确证了一个逻辑，即基于资产阶级政治经济学的客观逻辑，才能真正现实地找到打倒资产阶级社会统治的现实道路。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：403

3. This shift was rooted in the more fundamental, important shift in Marx’s economic outlook, i.e., the shift from direct refutation of bourgeois political economy from the standpoint of the proletariat to the basic affirmation of bourgeois political economy. Through his Brussels Notes and Manchester Notes, Marx had already discovered that Ricardo was the only philosopher devoid of romantic inclinations; he cared only for objective reality. The philosophy of the Ricardian socialist economists had already influenced Marx into accepting a new conclusion: the objective logic based on bourgeois political economy was the only thing capable of truly pointing out the real road to the overthrow of bourgeois society. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 312.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
公务员个体目的价值与作为整体公务员队伍的目的价值不完全相同，这是客观现实，公务员行政道德建设就是要发挥督促个体向整体的价值体系“归化”的作用。——《我国公务员行政道德建设研究》，中共中央党校博士学位论文，2009
It is objective fact that the purpose and value of individual public servants is incomplete consistent with the whole organization. The administrative moral building promotes the individual to naturalize the whole value belief.

例句 2：
主要有两大学派：客观主义和经验主义。客观主义者认为语言意义存在于客观现实，语言只是表现客观现实的符号，语言意义的理解就是建立语言符号与客观现实的联系。——《概念整合理论对意义的认知阐释》，西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2006
There are mainly two schools: objectivism and experientialism. The former holds that language meaning exists in the reality world, and that language is only symbols expressing reality. Thus, understanding language is establishing the relationship between the symbols of language and the reality world, independent of human beings.

例句 3：
文章认为，主观意志与客观现实的关系、粗化与细化的关系是标点符号规范过程中的二个原则性问题，对待它们的基本原则应分别是理性大于情绪、科学性大于人文性、主观意志大于客观现实；因不同性质的问题、不同形式或同一形式不同层级的问题诸具体情况而区别处理。——“标点符号规范的二个原则性问题”，载于《语言文字应用》2005年第2期
The author holds that the relation between subjective volition and objective reference, and the relation between abstraction and concretion are two principled problems in the standardization process of punctuation. To solve the problems, we should give priority of rationality over emotion, of science over humanity, and of subject