透过现象看本质【英】

to see the essence through the phenomena; to see through the surface into the heart of the matter

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 160.
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 28.

定义

透过现象看本质是辩证唯物主义认识论的一个重要观点。本质是事物的内在联系，是由事物的内在矛盾决定的，是相对稳定和深刻的方面。现象是本质的外部表现，是人的感官所能感受和反映的，是相对多变和表面的方面。本质从整体上规定事物的性质和变化方向，现象则从某一特定方面表现事物的本质。假象也是事物本质的一种表现，是本质的歪曲、颠倒的表现。任何一个具体事物都是本质和现象的统一体，没有纯现象而无本质的事物，也没有纯本质而无现象的事物。由此人们认识事物从感性认识到理性认识，就表现为从现象到本质，从不甚深刻的本质到更深刻的本质，这个过程是无限深化的。我们认识事物必须探究它的本质，但对本质的认识不是一开始就能达到的，必须从认识事物的现象入手。把认识现象作为认识本质的向导，逐步深入，认识本质，这才是可靠的科学的分析方法。事物现象和本质的客观存在及其辩证关系，成为我们透过现象看本质的可能的依据（金炳华，2003：809）。透过现象抓本质，是毛泽东同志在领导中国革命和建设的长期实践中，总结出来的重要思想方法和工作方法。毛泽东在《实践论》、《矛盾论》等著作中系统地阐释了透过现象抓本质这一思想方法和工作方法，把对实事求是原则的认识上升到理论的高度。调查研究是透过现象抓本质的基础，运用逻辑思维对材料进行改造制作是透过现象抓本质的关键，把对事物的本质认识看成一个过程是透过现象抓本质的重要步骤。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 黑格尔让我们唯心主义地“透过现象看本质”！直至费尔巴哈的人本学现象学，黑格尔颠倒了的世界被再一次重新颠倒过来，在宗教神学和黑格尔的思辨唯心主义假象被剥离之后，感性的物质世界和人的生活才呈现出来，异化为圣灵的人与人的真正关系才从假象中被揭示出来。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：214

1. Hegel allows us to idealistically “see the essence through the phenomena.” Up until Feuerbach’s humanist phenomenology, Hegel’s inverted world was re-inverted time and again; only after religious theology and what Hegel refers to as speculative idealist pseudo-phenomena were peeled back could the world of sensory material and the lives of humans truly come into view. Only then could true inter-human relationships, which had been alienated into the Holy Ghost, be revealed from within the pseudo-phenomena. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 160.

2. 坚持实事求是，就要深入实际了解事物的本来面貌。要透过现象看本质，从零乱的现象中发现事物内部存在的必然联系，从客观事物存在和发展的规律出发，在实践中按照客观规律办事。坚持实事求是不是一劳永逸的，在一个时间一个地点做到了实事求是，并不等于在另外的时间另外的地点也能做到实事求是，在一个时间一个地点坚持实事求是得出的结论、取得的经验，并不等于在变化了的另外的时间另外的地点也能够适用。我们要自觉坚定实事求是的信念、增强实事求是的本领，时时处处把实事求是牢记于心、付诸于行。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：25-26

2. To seek truth from facts, we must acquire a deep understanding of a matter as it is, see through the surface into the heart of the matter, and discover the intricate link between matters amidst fragmented phenomena. We should follow objective laws on the basis that we recognize the existence of a matter and its development laws. Upholding the principle-of seeking truth from facts is not done once and for all. You may succeed by following the principle at a certain place and at a certain place, but does not mean that you may succeed again by following the principle at another place and at another time. The conclusion or experience drawn at a certain place and at a certain time does not necessarily apply at another place and at another time. We should conscientiously strengthen our conviction in seeking truth from facts and enhance our ability to apply it. We should always bear it in mind and implement it in our work. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 27-28.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
事实上，当我们深入实质性的问题研究就能发现，在现象学的 “面向事物本身”的原则和辩证唯物主义的 “实事求是”的原则之间，在现象学的 “明证性”学说和马克思主义的 “透过现象看本质”的学说之间，在现象学揭示科学的危机、人的生存危机与历史唯物主义揭示资本主义的经济危机和人的异化之间，确实存在许多交叉之处。——“现象学与马克思主义：历史回顾与现实探讨”，载于《社会科学》2014年第1期
In fact, when our research goes deep into substantive issues, we can find that there are indeed many intersections between phenomenological principle to thing itself and Marxist principle “to seek truth from facts”, between the phenomenological teaching about “evidence” and Marxist teaching about seeing through the appearance to the essence, between the phenomenological insight about revealing crisis of science and human existence and Marxist theory about capitalist economic crisis and about alienation of human.

例句 2：
探索思想政治教育的本质对于促进思想政治教育的基础理论创新和当代实践发展具有重大意义。要深刻揭示和把握思想政治教育的本质，就有必要探讨思想政治教育本质研究的方法论，注重透过现象看本质、把握关系看本质、分析概念看本质、总结实践看本质，不断加深对思想政治教育本质的认识。——“思想政治教育本质的方法论探索”，载于《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第6期
Expoloring the nature of Ideological & Political Education (IPE) is of great siginificance to the promotion of the basic theroy innovation and contemporary pratical development of IPE. However, in order to reveal and grasp the nature of IPE, it is necessary to investigate the methodology of the nature research of IPE, focusing on the nature through analyzing the phenomenon, grasping the re