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字词 习惯势力
释义

习惯势力【英】

the force of habit

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:356.
[2] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1974: 366.

定义

习惯势力指人们在长期传统生活中养成的特定的思维方式、特殊的行为倾向和社会态度的定向趋势(金炳华,2003:356)。习惯势力形成后会表现在人们的行动、观念、社会心理以及某些制度当中,具有普遍性和广泛性,并且轻易无法改变。列宁曾指出:“千百万人的习惯势力是最可怕的势力”,这说明了习惯势力有束缚人们思想的作用,它是一种无形的力量,顽固地阻碍新事物的出现或成长。党的八届十中全会的公报指出:在无产阶级革命和无产阶专政的整个历史时期,在由资本主义过渡到共产主义的整个历史时期,存在着两个阶级、两条道路的斗争。这不仅是因为被推翻的反动统治阶级不甘心于灭亡,他们总是企图复辟,而且还因为社会上还存在着资产阶级的影响和旧社会的习惯势力,存在着一部分小生产者的自发的资本主义倾向。邓小平指出,面对新的历史任务,有些同志思想不够解放,就是因为“小生产的习惯势力和官僚主义的习惯势力,还顽强地纠缠着我们”(邓小平,1994:162),“我们讲解放思想,是指在马克思主义指导下打破习惯势力和主观偏见的束缚,研究新情况,解决新问题”,在选拔干部问题上要反对“论资排辈的习惯势力”(邓小平,1994:223)。克服各种消极的习惯势力,是反对封建主义残余的组成部分。一些旧的习惯势力是在旧社会中长期形成的,它必然打上旧时代的烙印,受到当时的统治阶级的思想影响而带有消极陈腐或反动的内容,也不能不受到当时生产方式、社会生活条件的限制而带有过时的落后因素。例如:在旧中国,广大人民长期受着封建阶极、资产阶级的种种压迫、欺编和愚弄,旧社会的包袱很重。因而,在人们的一些看法、想法和做法上,今天仍然还往往反映出农民、小市民自身狭隘自私的思想,形成了一股不可忽视的旧的习惯势力。思想跟不上形势,不能随着形势变化而变化,仍然按照经验思考及解决问题,这是习惯势力的特征表现。在改革开放、现代化建设、打造中国梦等领域,能否破除落后于时代的习惯势力是社会机体是否健康的重要指标。人们长期生活、工作产生的习惯汇聚成习惯势力,反作用于人们的思想和行为表现上,无法轻易改变,思想上的束缚会导致行为的错误执行,因此。剔除落后行为思想,更新观念也就成为破除习惯势力的重要抓手。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.
[2] 邓小平.邓小平文选(第二卷)[C].人民出版社,1994.

例句

1. 问题是这样摆着的:农民习惯于自由买卖粮食。在我们摧毁了资本主义机关之后,发现还存在着一种支持资本主义的势力,这就是习惯势力。我们愈坚决地摧毁一切支持资本主义的机关,而另一种支持资本主义的势力即习惯的势力就表现得愈明显。——《列宁全集(第三十六卷)》,1985:348

1. The whole point is that the peasants are accustomed to having the right to trade in grain. After we had abolished the capitalist institutions we found that there was still another force which kept capitalism going--the force of habit. And the more resolutely we abolished the institutions on which capitalism was based, the more strongly we felt the effects of this other force on which capitalism was based--the force of habit. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29), 1974: 366.

2. 显然,为了完全消火阶级,不仅要推翻剥削者即地主和资本家,不仅要废除他们的所有制,而且要废除任何生产资料私有制,要消灭城乡之间、体力劳动者和脑力劳动者之间的差别。这是很长时期才能实现的事业。要完成这一事业,必须大大发展生产力,必须克服无数小生产残余的反抗(往往是特别顽强特别难于克服的消极反抗),必须克服与这些残余相联系的巨大的习惯势力和保守势力。——《列宁全集(第三十七卷)》,1986:13

2. Clearly, in order to abolish classes completely, it is not enough to overthrow the exploiters, the landowners and capitalists, not enough to abolish their rights of ownership; it is necessary also to abolish all private ownership of the means of production, it is necessary to abolish the distinction between town and country, as well as the distinction between manual workers and brain workers. This requires a very long period of time. In order to achieve this an enormous step forward must be taken in developing the productive forces; it is necessary to overcome the resistance (frequently passive, which is particularly stubborn and particularly difficult to overcome) of the numerous survivals of small-scale production; it is necessary to overcome the enormous force of habit and conservatism which are connected with these survivals. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29), 1974: 421.

3. 这八年多的经历证明,我们所做的事情是成功的,总的情况是好的,但不是说没有干扰。几十年的“左”的思想纠正过来不容易,我们主要是反“左”,“左”已经形成了一种习惯势力。现在中国反对改革的人不多,但在制定和实行具体政策的时候,总容易出现有一点留恋过去的情况,习惯的东西就起作用,就冒出来了。——《邓小平文选(第三卷)》,1993:228-229

3. In the last eight years our work has been successful, and the overall situation is good. That doesn’t mean we haven’t met with any obstacles. It’s not so easy to rectify the “Left” thinking that has prevailed for several decades. “Left” thinking is our chief target because people have become used to it. There are not many in China who oppose reform. But in formulating and implementing specific policies, some people unintentionally reveal a yearning for the past. -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 3), 1994: 226.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
围绕婚姻问题,国家权力与民间习惯势力、法令和现实之间虽然有相互冲突和对立的一面,而更多的是相互妥协和吸收的过程。——“‘离婚完全自由’问题上的矛盾与妥协”,载于《徐州工程学院学报(社会科学版)》2017年第1期
Around the issue of marriage, although there are conflicts and antagonists between the state power and folk custom forces, laws and reality, it is still a compromise and absorption process.

例句 2:
萧红的 《呼兰河传》 批判了呼兰河城一些骇人听闻的日常生活、 落后的民俗传承、 愚昧的习惯势力、 泯灭的生命意识。——“荒草没残碑,百年有余情——论萧红的《呼兰河传》”,载于《井冈山大学学报(社会科学版)》2011年第2期
Xiao Hong’s Hulanhe Zhuan (Portraits of Hulanle) is criticism on Hulanhe City: its horrible daily lives, backward customs, uncivilized traditional powers, desolated consciousness of life.

例句 3:
经贸英语翻译中常见误译的原因主要有缺乏专业知识和背景知识、对词义和句法结构理解不当以及受习惯势力的影响等。——“经贸英汉翻译中常见误译的分析”,载于《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年第6期
Common mistranslations in business English are mainly due to the lack of professional and background knowledge, misunderstanding of word meaning and syntactic structure, and habitual influence.

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