天下兴亡，匹夫有责【英】

Everyone is responsible for his country’s rise or fall.

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 190.

定义

中国近代爱国主义思想的一种概括。明清之际顾炎武已提出：“保国者，其君其臣肉食者谋之；保天下者，匹夫之贱与有责焉而已。”认为“亡国”与“亡天下”有别：“有亡国，有亡天下，亡国与亡天下奚辨？曰易姓改号，谓之亡国；仁义充塞而至于率兽食人，人将相食，谓之亡天下。”所以，“保国”只是保一家一姓的王朝，属于其君其臣肉食者的事情；而“保天下”，就是保卫礼法、道德，维护社会秩序，则不分贵贱，人人都有责任。近代维新派思想家在新的历史条件下，以“变法维新”、“救亡图存”为宗旨，吸收西方近代的社会政治学说，继承并升华了顾炎武的这一思想，将其概括为“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”。最早由维新派思想家、宣传家麦孟华提出。清光绪二十三年（1897），麦孟华在《民义自叙》中写道：“顾炎武曰：天下兴亡，匹夫之贱与有责焉。”光绪二十六年，在《论今日疆臣之责任》一文中又说：“顾炎武之言曰：天下兴亡，匹夫之贱与有责焉。今中国内忧鱼烂，外惧瓜分，此固天下兴亡之时，我四万万人皆当身任其事，故无一人能免责者也。”并于《论中国之存亡决定于今日》一文中，将上述思想正式表述为“天下兴亡，匹夫有责。”后梁启超在《痛定罪言》中引用此话，又经许多政治家、思想家的宣传而广为传播，遂成中国一家喻户晓之名言（金炳华，2001：1451）。与顾炎武相比，梁启超的“国家”概念在内涵上已经发生了根本改变。与历史上前辈思想家最大的不同在于，梁启超的思想视野远远超出了传统的儒家思想，他在吸收大量西方新思想的基础上，形成了近代民族国家观。如果把梁启超对“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的再诠释与顾炎武的本来意思相比，变化在于两点：第一，把天下置换为“国家”，“天下”一词的内涵由顾炎武时代的“纲常伦理”变为“国家”；第二，再把指代王朝、朝代的“国家”转换为现代意义的民族国家。这句话就成了“国家兴亡，人人有责”（但兴悟，2006：17）。自近代以来，对激发中国人民的爱国主义精神，唤起人们的社会责任感，产生了巨大的积极影响。成为无数志士仁人投身挽救民族危亡，争取社会解放和人民幸福的精神力量。在今天，对人们积极投入振兴中华、建设有中国特色社会主义的伟大事业仍然起着持久的激励作用。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.
[2] 但兴悟.“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的再诠释与中国近代民族国家意识的生成[J].世界政治与经济，2006（10）.

例句

1. 中华文明绵延数千年，有其独特的价值体系。中华优秀传统文化已经成为中华民族的基因，植根在中国人内心，化影响着中国人的思想方式和行为方式。今天，我们提倡和弘扬社会主义核心价值观，必须从中汲取丰富营养，否则就不会有生命力和影响力。比如，中华文化强调“民惟邦本”、“天人合一”、“和而不同”，强调“天行健，君子以自强不息”、“大道之行也，天下为公”，强调“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”，主张以德治国、以文化人；强调“君子喻于义”、“君子坦荡荡”、“君子义以为质”；强调“言必信，行必果”、“人而无信，不知其可也”；强调“德不孤，必有邻”、“仁者爱人”、“与人为善”、“己所不欲，勿施于人”、“出入相友，守望相助”、“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼”、“扶贫济困”、“不忠寡而患不均”，等等。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：170

1. Chinese civilization has formed a unique value system over several millennia. The brilliant traditional Chinese culture is the essence of the nation and has deep roots in the Chinese people’s mentality, influencing their way of thinking and behavior unconsciously. Today, we advocate and carry forward the core socialist values through absorbing the rich nourishment of Chinese culture, so as to invigorate its vitality and broaden its influence. Here are some quotations from ancient classics that I’d like to share with you today: “The people are the foundation of a state,” “The harmony of Nature and man,” “Harmony without uniformity,” “As Heaven changes through movement, a gentleman makes unremitting efforts to perfect himself,” “When the Great Way prevailed, a public spirit ruled all under Heaven,” “Everyone is responsible for his country’s rise or fall,” “Govern the country with virtue and educate the people with culture,” “A gentleman has a good knowledge of righteousness,” “A gentleman is broad-minded,” “A gentleman takes morality as his bedrock,” “Be true in word and resolute in deed,” “If a man does not keep his word, what is he good for?” “A man of high moral quality will never feel lonely,” “The benevolent man loves others,” “Do things for the good of others,” “Don't do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you,” “Care for each other and help one another,” “Respect others’ elders as one respects one’s own, and care for others’ children as one cares for one’s own,” “Help the poor and assist those in difficulty,” “Care less about quantity and more about quality.” -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 189-190.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
至苏东坡出，他大力发展了李煜词直抒士大夫情怀的特征，“指出向上一路”；靖康之难，国耻家仇更促使文人们选择用长于抒情的词体抒发“天下兴亡匹夫有责”的士大夫情怀。——《南唐词的传播与接受研究》，兰州大学硕士学位论文，2013
When Su Dongpo appeared, he mainly developed the characteristics of Li Yu to express scholar feelings directly, point up all the way. The sudden change of JingKang, National humiliation and families revenge have promoted writers to choose ci-poetry to express their “World rise and fall that everyone is responsible”.

例句 2：
更多的超越自我，追求超越自身价值的体验和实现，天下兴亡匹夫有责作为我们的追求和理想。做一个堂堂正正的中国人，关心国家荣辱兴衰。——《浅谈我对中国画民族性的认识》，辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文，2010
More than self, to look beyond their own experience and realization of value, the world is everone is responsible for the rise and fall as our aspirations and ideals. To be a proud Chinese people, concerned about the rise and fall of national honor.

例句 3：
责任，是人类追求的永恒主题，古今中外，概莫能外。从孔子的“当仁不让”、孟子的“舍我其谁”、顾炎武的“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”到新时期的“爱国守法、明礼诚信、团结友善、勤俭自强、敬业奉献”的公民基本道德规范。——《中学生公民责任感培育研究》，哈尔滨师范大学硕士学位论文，2013
Responsibility is the eternal theme of human pursuit at all times, no exceptions. From Confiicius's "doing my part" and Mencius's "if not me, who?" to citizens' basic virtues in the new period: patriotism and observance of law; courtesy and honesty; solidarity and friendship; diligence, frugality and self - improvement; devotion and contribution.