个人利益【英】

individual interest(s); personal benefit(s)

译文来源

[1] Lukács, G. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics [M]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1968: 4.
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 430.

定义

个人利益是指个人生存和发展的各种需要的总和，是个人物质生活和精神生活需要的满足。个人利益包括生存需要的满足、发展需要的满足和享受需要的满足等三个方面（via: http://baike.sogou.com/v53419803.htm）。个人利益受诸种因素的制约。社会生产力水平会对个人利益产生影响，因为社会生产力水平的高低，从整体上决定着社会物质财富和精神财富的多少。而作为个人需要的对象的物质财富和精神财富的多少，从总体上制约着个人利益的实现；个人在社会中的地位和作用对个人利益也产生影响，因为个体在社会中的地位和作用的不同，决定其获得个人利益的方式、质量和数量。在阶级社会中，由于统治阶级在社会中占据统治地位，因而可以凭借手中的权力，榨取劳动者血汗，进而无偿占有大量的物质；与此相对，在剥削制度下的广大劳动者，被迫以出卖劳动力的方式，获得少量的生活资料（via: http://www.baike.com/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AA%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%2588%25A9%25E7%259B%258A）。个人利益是个人活动的前提和动力，是客观存在的。国家利益、集体利益同个人利益一样，也是客观存在的。集体利益指社会利益以及组成集体的各个个体的共同利益或根本利益。个人利益与集体利益，在社会主义条件下，在本质上是一致的（via: http://baike.baidu.com/view/618191.htm）。集体主义强调集体利益和个人利益的统一性，也强调集体利益高于个人利益，主张在个人利益与集体利益发生矛盾时个人应作出有条件的必要的牺牲（via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6954591-7177023.html）。

定义来源

[1] 个人利益.via: http://baike.sogou.com/v53419803.htm
[2] 个人利益.via:
http://www.baike.com/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AA%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%2588%25A9%25E7%259B%258A
[3] 个人利益.via: http://baike.baidu.com/view/618191.htm
[4] 个人利益.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/6954591-7177023.html

例句

1. 《共产党宣言》说“资本是一种社会力量，而不是个人的力量。”但是作为一种社会力量其运动则是由——并不全面了解它的活动的社会功能的和对它的活动的社会功能必然不关心的——资本拥有者能个人利益所左右支配的，社会的原则，即资本的社会功能因此只能是不管他们是是怎样想的，是违背了他们的意志的，是在他们本身不知觉的情况下实现的。——《历史与阶级意识：关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》，1996：120

1. As the Communist Manifesto states: "Capital is a social force and not a personal one." But it is a social force whose movements are determined by the individual interests of the owners of capital-who cannot see and who are necessari1y indifferent to all the social implications of their activities. Hence the social principle and the social function implicit in capital can only prevail unknown to them and, as it were, against their will and behind their backs.-Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 4.

2. 反腐倡廉建设，必须反对特权思想、特权现象。共产党员永远是劳动人民的普通一员，除了法律和政策规定范围内的个人利益和工作职权以外，所有共产党员都不得谋求任何私利和特权。这个问题不仅是党风廉政建设的重要内容，而且是涉及党和国家能不能永葆生机活力的大问题。要采取得力措施，坚决反对和克服特权思想、特权现象。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：388

2. In combating corruption and upholding integrity we must also oppose ideas and practices smacking of privilege. Members of the CPC are at all times ordinary members of the working people. Party members are only entitled to some personal benefits and job-related functions and powers prescribed by laws and policies， and must not seek any personal gain or privilege over and above those. The issue of privilege is not only a major concern in our efforts to improve Party conduct and build a clean government, but also a crucial problem that affects the Party's and the state's capacity to preserve their vitality and vigor. We must adopt effective measures to resolutely oppose and curb ideas and instances of seeking privilege. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 430.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
随着我国市场经济的确立，人们传统的价值观念受到了强烈的冲击，凸显出以个人利益为中心，过于彰显个人的权利而忽视个人对集体的责任的问题，出现了重视个人利益而忽视集体利益的现象。——《对西方社群主义的伦理审视》，河北师范大学硕士学位论文，2008
With the establishment of China's market economy, the traditional values of people are strongly shocks, the personal interests is highlighted, the rights of the individual are highlighted and the personal responsibility are neglected.

例句 2：
第二，互利是实现个人利益的手段。在斯密看来，追求自我利益的“经济人”有时也能在利己行为的基础上，同时实现利他与利社会，从而达到自利与利他的统一。——《亚当·斯密利益思想研究》，河北师范大学硕士学位论文，2007
Second, mutual benefit is means in order to achieving self-interesting. From the point of view of Smith, economical man based in egoism of pursuing self-interesting has achieved in favor of others and society simultaneity, thereby has got unification with self-interesting and others-interesting, in the final analysis, self-interesting was motive, others-interesting and mutual benefit was in order to get interesting-self.

例句 3：
法益是行政法的基本范畴，行政法既不是以公共利益为本位的法，也不是以个人利益为本位的法，而是以法益（私法益）为本位，调整平衡公共利益、私人利益关系的法。——《行政法域的法益理论研究》，黑龙江大学硕士学位论文，2004
The relationship of interest is the base of law. Legal interest is the basic category of administrative law. Neither public interest nor private interest is the base of administrative law. Legal interest (private legal interest) which balances between public interest and private inter