七七事变（卢沟桥事变）【英】

Lukouchiao Incident of July 7; 1937July 7th Incident (Lugou Bridge Incident)

译文来源

[1] Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 24.
[2] 中央文献重要术语译文发布（2015年第五期）.via:
http://www.cctb.net/bygz/zywxsy/201508/t20150818_326095.htm

定义

七七事变又称卢沟桥事变。1936年广田内阁时期，日本法西斯战争体制已经初步建立，侵华活动日益加剧，表明日本全面侵华战争势在必行；以一九三六年西安事变为起点，国共两党开始了第二次合作，中国抗日民族统一战线初步建立，表明中国全面抗战势在必行。到一九三七年，日本侵略与中国反侵略的矛盾愈来愈尖锐。七七事变就是这一矛盾的总爆发。
从一九三七年五月开始，驻华北日军频繁举行大规模的军事演习。演习从白天发展到黑夜，从虚弹到实弹。特别是驻丰台日军，经常在宛平北郊举行以宛平县城为目标的演习，日军联队长、旅团长，直到中国驻屯军司令官都陆续去丰台指挥日军演习。由此观之，全面灭亡中国是日本帝国主义的既定国策，发动全面侵华战争是日本法西斯有计划有准备的军事行动。进入一九三七年以后，中国也开始了全面抗战的准备。西安事变和平解决后，国民党军队停止了对陕甘宁边区的军事进攻。一九三六年六月，华北的形势已发展到极为严重的地步；日本帝国主义经过长期战争准备，它非打不可；中国抗日民族统一战线已初步建立，全国军民同仇敌忾，也具备了一定的抗战条件。在这种形势下，日军的任何挑衅，都会遭到中国军队的坚决反击，一点小小的火星也会触发出一场大规模的战争烽火。七七事变就是在这种情况下发生的。（胡德坤，1987：102—107）
1937年7月7日夜，日军在北平西南卢沟桥附近演习时，借口一名士兵“失踪”，要求进入宛平县城搜查，遭到中国守军第29军严辞拒绝。日军遂向中国守军开枪射击，炮轰宛平城。第29军奋起抗战。该事变就是震惊中外的七七事变，又称卢沟桥事变。七七事变是日本帝国主义全面侵华战争的开始，也是中华民族进行全面抗战的起点。（via：
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=-e3KTxw3NqGW9X4bv_cP2Nq3u35LlqqqwSzlPJqg0mct8BXSUaD5eBhM7AOgHmNYBzkBrMkgllb-hTY_PBcJ93lnWzvwsJrC51OW7rM11TggiU4wrDvXXPoJUIE8Pu6D）

定义来源

[1]胡德坤.七七事变[M].解放军出版社，1987，05.
[2]七七事变. via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=-e3KTxw3NqGW9X4bv_cP2Nq3u35LlqqqwSzlPJqg0mct8BXSUaD5eBhM7AOgHmNYBzkBrMkgllb-hTY_PBcJ93lnWzvwsJrC51OW7rM11TggiU4wrDvXXPoJUIE8Pu6D

例句

1. 七月七日卢沟桥事变，是日本帝国主义大举进攻中国本部的开始。卢沟桥中国军队的抗战，是中国全国性抗战的开始。由于日寇无底止的进攻，全国人民的坚决斗争，民族资产阶级的倾向抗日，中国共产党抗日民族统一战线政策的努力提倡、坚决实行和取得全国的赞助，使得“九一八”以来中国统治当局的对日不抵抗政策，在卢沟桥事变后开始转变到实行抗战的政策，使得一二九运动以来中国革命发展的形势，由停止内战准备抗战的阶段，过渡到了实行抗战的阶段。——《毛泽东选集（第二卷）》，1960：352

1. The Lukouchiao Incident of July 7 marked the beginning of the Japanese imperialist all-out invasion of China south of the Great Wall. The fight put up by the Chinese troops at Lukouchiao marked the beginning of China’s nation-wide War of Resistance. The ceaseless Japanese attacks, the people’s resolute struggle, the national bourgeoisie’s tendency towards resistance, the Communist Party’s vigorous advocacy and firm application of a national united front policy and the nation-wide support this policy has won—all these have compelled the Chinese authorities to begin changing their policy of nonresistance, as pursued ever since the September 18th Incident of 1931, to a policy of resistance since the Lukouchiao Incident, and have caused the Chinese revolution to develop beyond the stage reached after the December 9th Movement, i.e., the stage of ending the civil war and preparing for resistance, into the stage of actual resistance. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 24.

2. 中华民族在日本侵略者面前，历来存在的劈头第一个问题，就是战不战的问题。自“九一八”到卢沟桥事变之间，这个问题争论得很严重。“战则存，不战则亡” ——这是一切爱国党派和一切爱国同胞的结论：“战则亡，不战则存” ——这是一切投降主义者的结论。卢沟桥抗战的炮声，把这个争论暂时地解决了。它宣告：第一个结论是对的，第二个结论是错了。但是卢沟桥的炮声，为什么仅仅暂时地解决了这个问题而没有最后地解决这个问题呢？这是由于日本帝国主义的诱降政策，由于国际投降主义者的妥协企图，由于中国抗日阵线中一部分人的动摇性。——《毛泽东选集（第二卷）》，1960：570

2. Ever since the Chinese nation was confronted with the Japanese aggression, the first and foremost question has been to fight or not to fight. This question aroused serious controversy in the period from the Incident of September 18, 1931 to the Lukouchiao Incident of July 7, 1937. The conclusion reached by all patriotic political parties and groups and by all our patriotic fellow-countrymen was: “To fight is to survive, not to fight is to perish.” The conclusion reached by all the capitulationists was: “To fight is to perish, not to fight is to survive.” For a time, the roaring guns of the resistance at Lukouchiao decided the issue. They proclaimed the first conclusion right and the second wrong. But why was the question settled only temporarily and not once and for all? Because the Japanese imperialists adopted the policy of inducing China to capitulate, the international capitulationists tried to bring about a compromise, and certain people within our anti-Japanese front wavered. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 251.

3. 从一九三七年七月七日卢沟桥事变到一九三八年十月武汉失守这一个时期内，国民党政府的对日作战是比较努力的。在这个时候，日本侵略者的大举进攻和全国人民民族义愤的高涨，使得国民党政府政策的重点还放在反对日本侵略者身上，这样就比较顺利地形成了全国军民抗日战争的高潮，一时出现了生气蓬勃的新气象。——《毛泽东选集（第三卷）》，1960：1037

3. From the Lukouchiao Incident of July 7, 1937 to the fall of Wuhan in October 1938, the Kuomintang government was relatively active in the war against Japan. During that period the large-scale Japanese attacks and the mounting patriotic indignation of the whole people compelled the Kuomintang government to make resistance to the Japanese aggressors the centre of gravity of its policy, which made it easier to bring about an upsurge in the struggle of the whole army and people against Japan, and for a time there was a new and dynamic atmosphere. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 262-263.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
七七事变期间，身为第29军所部第38师师长和天津市市长的张自忠究竟有怎样
的表现？——“忍痛含垢与敌周旋——七七事变期间的张自忠”，载于《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第3期
After the July 7 Incident of 1937 when the Japanese military troops launched a sudden attack on Chinese army at the Northen China, what kind of behavior did General ZHANG Zi-zhong have who was the cmmander of the 38th division of the Kuomintang troops and also the mayor of Tianjin?

例句 2：
七七事变期间，英国政府由于无力遏制日本独霸远东的侵略步伐而尽力避免卷入中日冲突。——“无力遏制日本独霸步伐：英国政府对七七事变的应对”，载于《社会科学》2016年第2期
During the period of the July 7 Incident of 1937, British Government couldn’t contain
Japanese monopolizeing the Far East steps, and thus it tried it's best to avoid being involved in Sino-Japanese conflict．

例句 3：
从运动的行为方式来看，七七事变前多属于民众自发行为或政党行为；而七七事变后则转变为被国民政府认可、参与的政府行为。——“七七事变前后抗日救亡运动特点之比较”，载于《中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005年第1期
As far as the mode of action is concerned, before July 7 Incident, it was a spontaneous one while after that it was approbated by the National Government.