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字词 生产过剩
释义

生产过剩【英】

overproduction

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 3.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 518.

定义

生产过剩,亦称商品过剩,指资本主义社会所生产的商品超过有支付能力的需求而出现的过剩现象。生产过剩是资本主义基本矛盾尖锐化的必然产物(许征帆,1987:260)。生产过剩有两种情况:一是绝对过剩,二是相对过剩。资本主义生产过剩是相对过剩,而不是绝对过剩,即资本家生产的商品供给量和劳动人民的实际购买力所能购买的商品需求量相比而言的过剩(许征帆,1987:260)。生产过剩是资本主义经济危机的主要特征,是资本主义基本矛盾发展的必然结果。生产过剩的一般表现是:商品销售困难、大量积压、物价猛跌,许多企业倒闭,批工人失业等(刘佩弦,1988:152)。随着资本主义商品经济的发展,资本主义基本矛盾日趋尖锐化,主要表现在以下两个方面:第一,单个企业生产的有组织性同整个社会生产的无政府状态之间的矛盾,导致社会在生产过程比例失调;第二,资本主义生产能力的巨大增长同劳动群众有支付能力的需求相对缩小之间的矛盾(卢之超,1993:336)。

定义来源

[1] 许征帆.马克思主义辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社,1987.
[2] 卢之超.马克思主义大辞典[Z].中国和平出版社,1993.
[3] 刘佩弦.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].中国人民大学出版社,1988.

例句

1. 是在利润率下降的趋势中可以找到关键性的线索,还是生产过剩问题和随之而来的消费不足问题,抑或是二者兼而有之?马克思远未解决这个问题,以至于时至今日,这仍是个颇具争议的主题。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:3

1. Was the key to be found in the tendency of the rate of profit to fall? Or was it a question of overproduction and consequent under-consumption? Or a combination of both? Marx left the question sufficiently open for it to be a subject of considerable debate to this day. Moreover, Marx’s economic studies dealt primarily with the competitive stage of capitalism. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 3.

2. 在考察了补救生产过剩问题的凯恩斯主义的传统做法以后(他多少赞同把这些做法作为短期的权宜之计),巴兰得出的结论是,在资本主义条件下,剩余只能被军费支出所耗尽,其必然结果则是导致帝国主义,以及日益增长的战争可能性。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:342

2. After examining the traditional Keynesian remedies for the problem of overproduction (with which he had some sympathy as short-term expedients), Baran came to the conclusion that, under capitalism, the surplus could only be absorbed by military expenditure with its corollary of imperialism and increased likelihood of war. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 356.

3. 所以他傲慢地责难傅立叶,说他想以生产过剩来破坏这种一致性。格律恩先生忘记了,生产过剩只是由于它影响产品的交换价值才引起危机,然而不仅在傅立叶那里,就是在格律恩先生所建立的那个十全十美的世界中也看不见这种交换价值。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:613

3. With an air of importance, he therefore reproaches Fourier with wishing to disturb this unity by over-production. Herr Grün forgets that over-production causes crises only through its influence on the exchange value of products and that not only with Fourier but also in Herr Grün’s perfect world exchange value has disappeared. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 518.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
首先介绍了“双重危机”理论的内容:奥康纳认为资本主义存在着二类矛盾和二类危机,第一类矛盾是马克思提出的资本主义矛盾理论即生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾,这类矛盾由于消费不足会导致资本的生产过剩和经济危机,第二类矛盾是他补充和改良过的资本主义矛盾理论即资本主义生产力和生产关系与其生产条件的矛盾,这类矛盾由于生产不足而形成了经济危机和生态危机。——《奥康纳“双重危机”理论及其对我国生态文明建设的启示》,合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2013
First introduced the “double crisis” theory: O’Connor argued that capitalism, there exist two kinds of contradictions and the two kind of crisis, the first class contradiction is the contradiction between capitalist contradictions theory proposed by Marx is the productive forces and production relations, this kind of contradiction because of inadequate consumption will lead to capital surplus production and economic crisis, second kinds of contradictions are his theory of Capitalism: capitalism and improved productivity and relations of production and the production conditions, this kind of contradiction and the formation of the economic crisis and ecological crisis due to inadequate production.

例句 2:
自1825年英国爆发第一次普遍性生产过剩危机以来,周期性的经济危机就成为资本主义国家经济发展过程中无法消除的阴影。——《经济虚拟化背景下的金融危机机制研究》,西南财经大学博士学位论文,2012
Since 1825 when the first global crisis of overproduction swept over Britain, capitalist economies have found themselves caught in a seemingly endless procession of periodical financial crisis.

例句 3:
生产过剩在全球范围内普遍存在,在开放经济条件下可以进行危机的转嫁,而“欧猪五国”的产业缺陷与不佳的财政为这种转嫁提供了契机。——《欧洲

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:53:58