字词 | 生产过剩 |
释义 | 生产过剩【英】overproduction译文来源[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 3. 定义生产过剩,亦称商品过剩,指资本主义社会所生产的商品超过有支付能力的需求而出现的过剩现象。生产过剩是资本主义基本矛盾尖锐化的必然产物(许征帆,1987:260)。生产过剩有两种情况:一是绝对过剩,二是相对过剩。资本主义生产过剩是相对过剩,而不是绝对过剩,即资本家生产的商品供给量和劳动人民的实际购买力所能购买的商品需求量相比而言的过剩(许征帆,1987:260)。生产过剩是资本主义经济危机的主要特征,是资本主义基本矛盾发展的必然结果。生产过剩的一般表现是:商品销售困难、大量积压、物价猛跌,许多企业倒闭,批工人失业等(刘佩弦,1988:152)。随着资本主义商品经济的发展,资本主义基本矛盾日趋尖锐化,主要表现在以下两个方面:第一,单个企业生产的有组织性同整个社会生产的无政府状态之间的矛盾,导致社会在生产过程比例失调;第二,资本主义生产能力的巨大增长同劳动群众有支付能力的需求相对缩小之间的矛盾(卢之超,1993:336)。 定义来源[1] 许征帆.马克思主义辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社,1987. 例句1. 是在利润率下降的趋势中可以找到关键性的线索,还是生产过剩问题和随之而来的消费不足问题,抑或是二者兼而有之?马克思远未解决这个问题,以至于时至今日,这仍是个颇具争议的主题。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:3 1. Was the key to be found in the tendency of the rate of profit to fall? Or was it a question of overproduction and consequent under-consumption? Or a combination of both? Marx left the question sufficiently open for it to be a subject of considerable debate to this day. Moreover, Marx’s economic studies dealt primarily with the competitive stage of capitalism. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 3. 2. 在考察了补救生产过剩问题的凯恩斯主义的传统做法以后(他多少赞同把这些做法作为短期的权宜之计),巴兰得出的结论是,在资本主义条件下,剩余只能被军费支出所耗尽,其必然结果则是导致帝国主义,以及日益增长的战争可能性。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:342 2. After examining the traditional Keynesian remedies for the problem of overproduction (with which he had some sympathy as short-term expedients), Baran came to the conclusion that, under capitalism, the surplus could only be absorbed by military expenditure with its corollary of imperialism and increased likelihood of war. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 356. 3. 所以他傲慢地责难傅立叶,说他想以生产过剩来破坏这种一致性。格律恩先生忘记了,生产过剩只是由于它影响产品的交换价值才引起危机,然而不仅在傅立叶那里,就是在格律恩先生所建立的那个十全十美的世界中也看不见这种交换价值。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:613 3. With an air of importance, he therefore reproaches Fourier with wishing to disturb this unity by over-production. Herr Grün forgets that over-production causes crises only through its influence on the exchange value of products and that not only with Fourier but also in Herr Grün’s perfect world exchange value has disappeared. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 518. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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