字词 | 生产劳动和非生产劳动 |
释义 | 生产劳动和非生产劳动【英】productive and unproductive labour译文来源McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 340. 定义生产劳动和非生产劳动是一种对社会劳动性质划分的方法。重商主义者认为,只有在商业中,尤其是在对外贸易中所采用的劳动才是生产性劳动;重农主义者则认为,只有从事劳动的劳动才是生产性劳动。A·斯密克服了过去这些按行业来划分生产劳动和非生产劳动的缺点,提出了按劳动的作用来作为划分的标准。但他的划分标准是二重的:第一,认为生产劳动是指生产资本的劳动,亦即与资本相交换,因而能把资本家垫支的可变资本再生产出来,并能为资本家提供利润的劳动,例如家仆的劳动,便是非生产劳动。马克思对这个观点曾给予肯定的评价,认为斯密“在这里触及了问题的本质,抓住了要领。他的巨大科学功绩之一……就在于,他下了生产劳动是直接同资本交换的劳动这样一个定义。”第二,认为生产劳动是生产商品的劳动,即一种加在物上,能增加物品价值的劳动,便是生产劳动;而其他不能生产商品。不能生产价值的劳动,乃是非生产劳动。例如家仆的劳动,随生随灭,不能把它的价值保存起来供日后使用,一些官吏、牧师、演员的劳动也是如此。这些都属于非生产劳动。这第二个生产劳动概念没有揭示出资本主义生产关系的特殊性质,而且与第一个生产劳动概念有矛盾。 定义来源胡代光.现代西方经济学词典[Z].中国社会科学出版社,1996. 例句1. 该派作者着重研究的是交换和流通领域,而不是生产领域,由此,他们抛弃了价值理论,并试图用纯量的要素,如生产价格和市场价格,来阐发出马克思的思想。因而,他们也抛弃了马克思对生产劳动和非生产劳动所作的区别,进而认为,经济危机是由在交换领域的分配上的阶级斗争引起的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:327 1. Concentrating on the sphere of exchange and circulation rather than production, these writers reject value theory and attempt to set out Marxist ideas in terms of simply quantitative elements such as prices of production and market prices. They therefore reject Marx's distinction between productive and unproductive labour and argue that economic crises are produced by a c1ass struggle over distribution in the sphere of exchange. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 340. 2. 与此同时,还有这样一些作者,他们随之重新确认了区分生产劳动和非生产劳动以及坚持利润下降趋势论这两方面的重要性,从而为传统马克思主义的价值理论作了精辟而有力的辩护。在这一经济学领域中,最重要的进展也许是《资本和阶级》杂志的创刊,它是由社会主义经济学家联合会创办的,它独特地以讨论政治和经济学之间的关联作为探讨的重点。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:327 2. At the same time there has been a vigorous and sophisticated defence of traditional Marxist value theory with a concomitant reassertion of the importance of the distinction between productive and unproductive labour and of the doctrine of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. Perhaps the most significant development in this field has been the founding by the Conference of Socialist Economists, of the journal Capital and Class, with its special focus on the interface between politics and economics. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 340-341. 3. 另一方面,资本和劳动的发达的关系,同样证实了亚·斯密把劳动分为生产劳动和非生产劳动是有道理的。而布鲁姆男爵对此的穷极无聊的嘲弄,萨伊、施托尔希、麦克库洛赫等人的一本正经的反驳,都无济于事。亚·斯密的缺点只是多少过于草率地把劳动的物化理解为劳动固定在某种可以捉摸的物品中。但是,这在他那里是次要的事情,只是表达不当。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷:下)》,1980:375 3. On the other hand, it is likewise the developed relationship of capital and labour that vindicates A. Smith in distinguishing between PRODUCTIVE and UNPRODUCTIVE LABOUR. Lord Brougham's insipid witticisms against that distinction, and the objections to it, intended to be serious, by Say, Storch, McCulloch, and tutti quanti, rebound upon it. A. Smith went astray only by conceiving of the objectification of labour in somewhat too crude a fashion, as labour which fixes itself in a tangible object. But this is of little consequence in him, clumsiness of expression. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 29), 1987: 221-222. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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