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字词 简单劳动与复杂劳动
释义

简单劳动与复杂劳动【英】

simple labour and complex labour; simple labour and compound labour

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 8) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1977: 260.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987:182.

定义

简单劳动与复杂劳动是用于体现生产商品的劳动的复杂程度的一对范畴。前者指不需要经过专门训练、任何普通人都能胜任的劳动。后者指经过专门训练、具有一定技术和专长的劳动(简单劳动与复杂劳动.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8&korder=0&sel=1)。
简单劳动和复杂劳动在同一时间内所创造的价值量是不相同的。因为复杂劳动包含着需要耗费或多或少的辛劳、时间和金钱去获得的技巧和知识的运用,所以,一小时的复杂劳动比一小时的简单劳动创造出更多的价值。“比较复杂的劳动只是自乘的或不如说是多倍的简单劳动,因此,少量的复杂劳动等于多量的简单劳动”(马克思等,1988:58)。
商品的价值量是由社会必要劳动时间决定的,而社会必要劳动时间是按简单劳动量来计量的。在商品交换过程中,是以简单劳动为统一计量单位来比较各种复杂程度不同的劳动所形成的价值量的。在私有制的商品经济中,复杂劳动换算为简单劳动是在生产者背后自发的进行的。经过千百次的交换,自然地形成换算的比例。简单劳动和复杂劳动的区分,在不同的国家和不同的文化时代是不同的。但是,在一定的社会里却是一定的。随着科学技术的发展和文化教育水平的提高,简单劳动和复杂劳动的标准也会不断提高(简单劳动与复杂劳动.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8&korder=0&sel=1)。

定义来源

[1] 简单劳动与复杂劳动.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8&korder=0&sel=1
[2] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)[M].人民出版社,1988.

例句

1. 孟德斯鸠第五十六从来没有听说过,在现存条件下,由于分工的关系,简单劳动正在代替复杂劳动,童工正在代替成年工,女工正在代替男工,自动机器正在代替独立的工人;随着现代工业的发展,工人的教育逐渐成为多余的和不可能的了。我们且不把科伦的孟德斯鸠送到圣西门或傅立叶那里去,而把他送到马尔萨斯和李嘉图那里去。让我们这位笨伯在改善现代关系以前,在发表神谕般的议论以前,先去研究一下这些关系的最基本的原理吧。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第六卷)》,1961:222

1. Montesquieu LVI has never heard that under existing conditions the division of labour replaces complex labour by simple labour, th labour of adults by that of children, the labour of men by that of women, the labour of the independent workers by automatons; that, in proportion as modern industry develops, the education of workers becomes unnecessary and impossible. We refer the Montesquieu of Cologne neither to Saint-Simon nor to Fourier but to Malthus and Ricardo. This worthy should first acquaint himself with the rudiments of present-day conditions before trying to improve them and making oracular utterances. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 8), 1977: 260.

2. 正如商品具有使用价值和交换价值的二重性一样,商品中包含的劳动也具有二重性:一方面,作为一定的生产活动,如织工的劳动、裁缝的劳动等等,是有用劳动;另一方面,作为人类劳动力的单纯支出,是凝结的抽象劳动。前者生产使用价值,后者生产交换价值,只有后者才能在量上作比较(熟练劳动和非熟练劳动的差别,复杂劳动和简单劳动的差别,证实了这一点)。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十六卷)》,1964:275

2. Just as a commodity is something twofold: use-value and exchange-value, so the labour contained in it is twofold determined: on the one hand, as definite productive activity, weaving labour, tailoring labour, etc.—useful labour; on the other, as the simple expenditure of human labour-power, precipitated abstract labour. The former produces use-value, the latter exchange-value; only the latter is quantitatively comparable (the differences between SKILLED and UNSKILLED, complex and simple labour confirm this). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 20), 1985: 265.

3. 这种复杂劳动和简单劳动即仅仅是简单劳动力的消耗,是否在同一时间内生产出同一的商品价值呢?显然不是。一小时复杂劳动的产品同一小时简单劳动的产品相比,是一种价值高出两倍或三倍的商品。复杂劳动的产品的价值通过这种比较表现为一定量的简单劳动;但是复杂劳动的这种简化是由生产者背后的社会过程完成的,在这里,在阐述价值论时,对这一过程只能加以确定,还不能予以说明。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:215

3. Do these kinds of compound labour produce, in the same interval of time, the same commodity values as simple labour, the expenditure of mere simple labour-power? Obviously not. The product of one hour of compound labour is a commodity of a higher value—perhaps double or treble—in comparison with the product of one hour of simple labour. The values of the products of compound labour are expressed by this comparison in definite quantities of simple labour; but this reduction of compound labour is established by a social process which goes on behind the backs of the producers, by a process which at this point, in the development of the theory of value, can only be stated but not as yet explained. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 184

网络参考例句

例句 1:
马克思提出简单劳动与复杂劳动之间的换算问题,但并没有进行深入而严谨的研究,这是引发国内外许多学者对劳动价值论提出质疑和批评的重要原因之一。——“‘还原问题’新探——基于劳动价值论和复杂性科学的双重视角”,载于《河北经贸大学学报》2016年第1期
Marx put forward the conversion problem between simple labor and complex labor, but did not carry out a thorough and rigorous study, which is a significant cause of many scholars questioned and criticized the labor theory of value.

例句 2:
马克思在《资本论》中提出了简单劳动与复杂劳动这一概念,为我们分析我国的收入分配问题提供了一个理性视角。简单劳动与复杂劳动的关系指出了我国收入差距存在的核心问题在于教育的不平等。同时,它也指出在我国社会还存着影响收入差距扩大的其他因素。因此,解决贫富收入差距过大问题,我们必须以教育平等为基石,同时从多方面入手,形成一个系统工程,促进社会的稳定与经济的发展。——“关于简单劳动与复杂劳动对我国收入分配影响的思路探析”,载于《山东商业职业技术学院学报》2011年第5期
Marx put forward the concept of simple labor and complicated labor in Das Kapital which provided a rational perspective for our analysis of the income distribution. The relations of simple labor and complicated labor indicated that the core problem of affecting our country’ income gap was the inequality in education. At the same time, it also pointed out that there were other factors that affected the income differential expands in our country. Therefore, we had to establish a system which based on the equality in education and multi-disciplinary approach in order to promote social stability and economic development.

例句 3:
一是科学技术在劳动价值论中的理论地位,认为通过深化对于劳动生产率、使用价值、简单劳动与复杂劳动这些范畴的认识,能够使

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