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字词 《形而上学》
释义

《形而上学》【英】

Metaphysics

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 38.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:107.
[3] Metaphysics (Aristotle). via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics_(Aristotle)

定义

《形而上学》是古希腊哲学家亚里士多德所著,由后人根据亚里士多德的论文和讲演编定。亚里士多德吸收了古希腊数百年自然哲学与精神哲学的成果,进而提出“存在是什么”的问题,对存在本身进行追问,从而将古希腊哲学提升到纯粹形而上学的层面。全书共13卷,分为五部分。第一部分讨论形而上学的研究对象,并分析了不同学科和存在的关系;第二部分是全书核心,讨论本体、形式和质料、潜能和现实等问题;第三部分批判柏拉图学派把理念和数看作本体的观点;第四部分讨论了“一”与“多”等众多哲学术语的概念及范畴;第五部分内容庞杂广泛,包括自然哲学问题的探讨、三十个哲学术语的意义、一些文章的摘要和选录以及可感觉的本体和不朽的本体的论述(金炳华,2003:107-108)。《形而上学》是西方思想传统中的最重要的经典文本之一,也可以说是奠定西方思想传统的重要著作,展示了人们对于哲学一些基本问题的探索与追寻,从根本上奠定了西方哲学思想的基本概念和问题。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 在亚里士多德的心理学中有这样的话:“德谟克利特认为灵魂和理性是同一个东西,因为在他看来,现象是真实的东西。”与此相反,亚里士多德在《形而上学》中却说:“德谟克利特断言,或者没有东西是真实的,或者真实的东西对我们是隐蔽的。”——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷上册)》,1960:21

1. Indeed, in Aristotle’s Psychology it is stated: “Democritus posits soul and mind [Verstand] as one and the same, since the phenomenon is the true thing.” But in his Metaphysics he writes: “Democritus asserts that nothing is true or it is concealed from us.” -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 38.

2. 亚里士多德《形而上学》第1卷第4章:“留基伯和他的同事德谟克利特说,充实和虚空都是元素,并称其中一个为存在,另一个为非存在,也就是说,称充实和坚实为存在,称虚空和稀薄为非存在。因此,他们还说,存在决不比非存在更多地存在着,因为虚空也像物体一样存在着。”——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷上册)》,1960:78

2. Aristotle, Metaphysics, I, 4 [985b, 4-9]. Leucippus and his associate Democritus say that the full and the empty are the elements, calling the one being and the other non-being—the full and solid being being, the empty non-being (whence they say being no more is than non-being, because the solid no more is than the empty). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 87.

3. 亚里士多德《形而上学》第7(8)卷第2章:“看来德谟克利特认为,[原子]有三种差别。因为作为基础的物体按质料来说是同样的东西,但是物体或者因外形不同而有形状的差别,或者因转向不同而有位置的差别,或者因相互接触不同而有次序的差别。” ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷上册)》,1960:85

3. Aristotle, Metaphysics, VIII, 2 [1042 b, 11-14]. Democritus seems to think there are three kinds of difference between things [atoms]; the underlying body, the matter, is one and the same, but they differ either in rhythm, i.e. shape, or in turning, i.e. position, or in inter-contact, i.e. order. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 92.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
《形而上学》是以“是”(希腊文ousia / to on,或译为“存在”)为核心,也可以说是围绕“本体”的哲学理论。在《形而上学》中,亚里士多德反复说,“‘是者’以多种方式被言说”,不过基本涵义的“是者”是“实体”,次要涵义的“是者”是实体之外的各个“范畴”(例如性质、数量和关系,等等)。他认为古老的问题“‘是者’是什么?”其实相当于追问“‘实体’是什么?”。——《〈形而上学〉中关于“是”的研究》,内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文,2014
The Metaphysics is the philosophy theory at the core of being (ousia or to on in Greek, or translated as essence), which can also be said that based on the noumenon. In the Metaphysics, Aristotle has repeatedly made reference to that being has been replaced in many ways, but the basic meaning of being is the entity, whose secondary meaning is kinds of category apart from the entity(such as the nature, number and the relationship, etc.). He also believes that the old question that what is being is equivalent of the asking that what is entity.

例句 2:
本次翻译实践是将亚里士多德《形而上学》的英文版翻译为汉语,具体的翻译任务为全书的第一卷——“关于本原的理论”,共计十章。——《Metaphysics英译汉策略撮要——基于语义、句法和逻辑的角度》,山西大学硕士学位论文,2015
The present report comes from the translation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics from its English version into Chinese. To be specific, the author deals with the first volume of the book, i.e. the “the theory of explanation” which consists of ten chapters altogether.

例句 3:
亚里士多德是古希腊时期哲学与自然科学的集大成者。亚里士多德的哲学是对早期自然哲学的深化和发展,他既吸收了早期自然哲学家自然观的合理成分,又发展了自己的哲学体系。其自然科学思想以《形而上学》中的哲学体系作为理论出发点;同时,具体科学也为其形而上学体系的完善提供了实证的支撑。——

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更新时间:2024/11/5 11:03:39