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字词 话语
释义

话语【英】

discourse

译文来源

Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 150.

定义

话语,是法国福科的用语,指福科的知识考古学中各研究领域或各种学科的结构(金炳华,2003:1039)。福科认为,各学科有不同的话语,各个不同的学科都是由许多具体的陈述组成的,话语构成学科的知识要素的总和,例如临床医学话语、经济学话语、自然史话语等学科话语。福科指出,话语是具有分歧与矛盾的空间,并非完全协调。话语的分歧与矛盾的变化就是这门学科的内容的充实(冯契,2007:1971)。话语是一种匿名的领域、一种无意识的结构;它不是来源于作者的思考的,不是涉及个别人的主体,也不具有先验的主体性;话语以非连续性为特征,其本身没有发展过程,而只是通过断裂发生变化。在福科看来,知识型是一个时期的话语的共同特征,因而在不同知识型下的同一概念或同一陈述是具有不同的意义的,在不同话语下的相同概念也是具有不同的意义的(彭漪涟等,2010:519)。知识考古学的主要工作就是发现不同的话语。知识考古学通过一个话语中的陈述的矛盾、可比较事实和连续性与非连续性的关系等层次对话语进行分析,并对知识与科学之间的相互渗透进行阐释(冯契,2007:1971)。福科指出,尽管知识带有前科学的性质、具有建立科学的元素,但知识缺少科学的系统性(彭漪涟,2010:519)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.
[2] 冯契.哲学大辞典(分类修订本)下册[Z].上海辞书出版社,2007.  
[3] 彭漪涟.逻辑学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2010.

例句

1. 在上一章中,我们也看到,马克思并不是外在地受到费尔巴哈的影响,而是在《克罗茨纳赫笔记》的历史研究中自主地确认了费尔巴哈的唯物主义,看清了资产阶级的真实面目。这使他实现了第一次重大的思想转变,彻底否定了黑格尔的唯心主义和资产阶级民主主义立场。马克思由此才接受了费尔巴哈的两条思路:一是自然物质决定观念的描述逻辑;二是人的类本质异化与复归的批判逻辑。特别是后者,直接成为此时支配青年马克思思想的隐性权力话语。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:202

1. In the previous chapter, we have already seen that Marx did not exoterically accept Feuerbach’s influence, but rather autonomously identified with Feuerbach’s materialism in the historical studies of Kreuznach Notes, seeing past the facade of the bourgeois class to its true nature. This caused Marx to experience his first great philosophical shift as he thoroughly rejected the tenets of Hegel’s idealism and bourgeois democracy. It was only after this that Marx came to accept two of Feuerbach’s lines of thinking: first, the descriptive logic of natural determinism, and second, the critical logic of the alienation and reversion of man’s species-essence. The latter, in particular, became the dominant latent discourse for young Marx during this period of time. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 150.

2. 马克思的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》是他的哲学话语发生格式塔根本转换的重要标志。如前所述,这种哲学新视域凸现的基础是马克思此时已经十分深入的第二次经济学研究。他意识到,新的科学和无产阶级革命道路的开辟只能从现实的经济关系的变革着手,这是一种全新的经济学科学、社会主义科学的理论创造,而要完成这个伟大的科学工程,又必须在哲学方法论上先有一种系统的建构,这就是他与恩格斯共同撰写《德意志意识形态》的主要任务。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:339

2. Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach was an important sign that his philosophical discourse was experiencing a fundamental gestalt shift. As we have already seen, the basis for this change in philosophical perspective was the second phase of Marx’s economic research, which was becoming more and more profound. Marx realized that a new scientific approach and proletariat revolution were only possible by beginning with the reform of real economic relations; this was the theoretical creation of a completely new economic science, a completely new socialist science. In order to accomplish this great scientific revolution, Marx knew that there must first be systematic reconstruction of philosophical methodology. This was the primary task that he and Engels set for themselves in writing The German Ideology. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 261.

3. 虽然话语没有改变,但叙事形式改变了。但是,由于马克思在狭义历史唯物主义和历史认识论基础上所建构的历史现象学,始终是伴随着他的经济学科学的创造性思想实验发生发展的,他并没有在经济学之外以纯哲学的话语直接表述历史现象学,这正是导致后来我们无法从经济学研究过程中剥离出这一深层理论话语的原因。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:530

3. Though his discourse did not change, the form of his expression did change. However, because the historical phenomenology that Marx constructed on the basis of the special theory of historical materialism and historical epistemology consistently developed along with his economic, scientific, creative thought experiments, he never directly expressed historical materialism outside the realm of economics with purely philosophical discourse. This is why it is impossible for us to extract this underlying level of theoretical discourse from the research process of economics. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 418.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
政治、经济的全球化和数字媒介技术的发展成就了一个全球话语场。——“论全球话语体系建构——文化冲突与融合中的全球修辞视角”,载于《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2015年第3期
The globalization of economy and politics and the development of digital media create a global discourse field.

例句 2:
20世纪中叶,“话语分析”理论起源于美国,70年代末传人我国,迄今已拓展到了话语语言学、文艺学、传播学、哲学、文化学、政治学、社会学、历史学乃至自然科学等诸多学科领域。——“论话语研究的现状与趋势”,载于《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2008年第6期
Discourse analysis emerged in America in the middle of the 20th century. It was introduced to China in 1970s. Up to now, discourse studies have been extended to many academic fields such as discourse linguistics, philosophy, politics, sociology, literature, communication, culture, history, natural science, etc.

例句 3:
马克思恩格斯运用唯物辩证法研究话语权问题,阐明了思想和实践的辩证关系,形成了独特的话语权理论。——“马克思主义‘话语权理论’的内涵与引申”,载于《重庆社会科学》2015年第5期
Marx and Engels studied the issue of discourse with the method of materialist dialectics and clarified the dialectical relationship between ideology and practice, forming a unique discourse theory.

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更新时间:2024/9/29 6:29:19