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字词 皮浪
释义

皮浪【英】

Pyrrho

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engel. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 428.
[2] Pyrrho. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrho

定义

皮浪一译毕洛。古希腊哲学家,怀疑学派(皮浪学派)的奠基人。生于伯罗奔尼撒半岛的伊利斯。早年以绘画为生,后研究哲学。最初师从麦加拉学派布吕孙(Bryson),后又受德谟克里特学派的阿那克萨尔柯(Anaxarchos)的影响;曾随后者参加马其顿国王亚历山大的东征,可能直接受到波斯僧侣和印度婆罗门的影响。后回到伊利斯过清贫生活;在世时就备受伊利斯人和雅典人的尊重,并获雅典公民权。生前并无著作,学说主要通过学生蒂孟的讽刺作品保存下来。为古希腊第一个怀疑论哲学家。在认识论上,持不可知论观点,认为事物的本性是不可知的,无所谓美、丑与正义、不正义,事物的真正本性是人类认识达不到的,不能理解的;因此,对任何事物只能不置可否,“悬搁判断”,说:“最高的善就是不作任何判断,随着这种态度来的便是灵魂的安宁。”并把这种观点贯彻到社会伦理生活中去,主张与世无争的生活态度。在哲学上和当时的斯多葛学派和伊壁鸠鲁学派展开过论争。他的思想对以后整个怀疑论学派和怀疑主义的发展有深远影响。古罗马塞克斯都·恩披里柯著有《皮浪学说纲要》,留传迄今(金炳华,2001:1092)。在中西方历史上各种有关幸福的学说当中,皮浪的怀疑主义幸福观以其独特的怀疑主义立场、搁置判断的方法论与追求心灵平静的幸福境界引起了人们的注意。皮浪的怀疑主义幸福观把研究的主体放在个人的主观能动性上,他充分肯定人能够通过主观上的努力而达到心灵的平静从而获得幸福。皮浪站在怀疑主义的立场上分析了扰乱人们心灵平静的原因——感性认识的差异性使人一旦要对事物的本质做出判断,就必然导致矛盾和争论。皮浪的怀疑主义幸福观不仅有深厚的哲学理论基础,更是一种生活态度。在幸福这个有着强烈的个人实践意味的命题上,皮浪的幸福观给出了一种明确的生活方式(杨曦,2012:03)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 杨曦.皮浪怀疑主义幸福观研究[D].杭州:中共浙江省委党校,2012.

例句

1. 伊壁鸠鲁的信徒和皮浪的信徒都反对实证科学的代表,但是他们并不是出于同样的动机,伊壁鸠鲁派这样做,是因为他们认为各门实证科学无助于达到智慧的完善。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷)下》,1960:70

1. Opposition to the representatives of science seems to be common to the Epicureans and the followers of Pyrrho, though not from the same standpoint; the Epicureans hold that the sciences contribute nothing to the perfecting of wisdom. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 428.

2. 在康德与费希特之间有一个戈·恩·舒尔采(在哲学史上叫做舒尔采—埃奈西德穆)。他公开拥护哲学上的怀疑论路线,自称为休谟(以及古代哲学家皮浪和塞克斯都)的追随者。——《列宁选集(第二卷)》,2012:101

2. Between Kant and Fichte stands G. E. Schulze (known in the history of philosophy as Schulze-Aenesidemus). He openly advocates the skeptical trend in philosophy and calls himself a follower of Hume (and of the ancients Pyrrho and Sextus). -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14), 1977: 140.

3. 一个吃着香肠、每天收入5个法郎的工人很明白:他被老板掠夺,他吃的是猪肉;老板是强盗,香肠好吃而且对身体有营养。资产阶级的诡辩家(不管他叫皮浪也好,叫休谟或者康德也好,反正都一样)说道:完全不是这样,工人的这种看法是他个人的看法, 也就是主观的看法;他可以有同样的理由认为,老板是他的恩人,香肠是由剁碎的肉皮做成的,因为他不可能认识自在之物……——《列宁选集(第二卷)》,2012:167

3. The workingman who eats sausage and receives a hundred sous a day knows very well that he is robbed by the employer and is nourished by pork meat, that the employer is a robber and that the sausage is pleasant to the taste and nourishing to the body. Not at all, say the bourgeois sophists, whether they are called Pyrrho, Hume or Kant. His opinion is personal, an entirely subjective opinion; he might with equal reason maintain that the employer is his benefactor and that the sausage consists of chopped leather, for he cannot know things-in-themselves. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14), 1977: 203.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
详尽地探讨了渐成体系的怀疑论,即晚期希腊罗马的怀疑论,深入分析了作为怀疑论创始人——皮浪首倡的“悬搁判断”的怀疑论,并阐释了其后继者——新怀疑派对怀疑论的进一步继承和发展,使其逐渐精致化和系统化,明确其在哲学史上的历史地位。——《论怀疑论的历史运演及其意义》,延安大学硕士学位论文,2011
Discussed exhaustively has gradually become system's skepticism, namely late Greek and Roman skepticism, and analyzed Pyrrho who is the skepticism founder's skepticism of suspended judgment, and explains the successors of skepticism eurosceptics -- new further inheriting and developing, make its gradually refinement and systematized, clarify its position in philosophical history.

例句 2:
在中西方历史上各种有关幸福的学说当中,皮浪的怀疑主义幸福观以其独特的怀疑主义立场、搁置判断的方法论与追求心灵平静的幸福境界引起了人们的注意。——《皮浪怀疑主义幸福观研究》,中共浙江省委党校硕士学位论文,2012
There are many happiness theories In the history of Chinese and western, but  Pyrrhon’s skepticism happiness theory, with its unique skepticism standpoint, shelve  the methodology of judgment and pursuit of peace of mind caused the people's  attention.

例句 3:
皮浪的怀疑论的一个特点就是搁置争议,不做判断,任何极端的肯定或否定的回答都是不对的。——《论芥川龙之介创作的怀疑主义倾向》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2013
One of the characteristics of Pyrrhonian skepticism is to put aside disputes and do not
judge according to which any extreme positive or negative answer is wrong.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:47:18