请输入您要查询的字词:

 

字词 历史观
释义

历史观【英】

the view of history; the vision of history

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:158.
[2] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 105.

定义

历史观又称“社会历史观”,是人们对社会历史的总的看法、根本观点,是世界观的组成部分。历史观的基本问题是社会存在与社会意识的关系问题,它是哲学基本问题在社会历史领域的延伸和体现。对历史观基本问题的不同回答,形成了两种根本对立的历史观:唯物主义历史观和唯心主义历史观。唯物主义历史观认为,社会存在决定社会意识,社会存在是第一性的,社会意识能动的反作用于社会存在;唯心主义历史观认为,社会意识决定社会存在,社会意识是第一性的,个人的思想观念、理性或“绝对精神”、“神”是历史发展的动力,少数英雄人物是历史的创造者,是历史发展的决定性力量(何彦才等,1989:26)。唯物主义历史观是唯一科学的历史观,它揭示出“社会历史是客观的合乎规律的辩证发展过程,社会基本矛盾是一切社会发展的动力,生产力是社会发展的最初源泉;在阶级社会,阶级斗争是社会发展的直接动力;人民群众是推动历史发展的主要力量。唯物主义历史观的创立打破了唯心主义在社会历史领域中一统天下的局面,是历史观的伟大变革”(雷清,2011:206)。唯物主义历史观的创立指出了唯心主义历史观的根本缺陷:“第一,以往的历史理论,至多是考察了人们历史活动的思想动机,而没有考察产生这些动机的原因,没有摸到社会关系体系发展的客观规律性,没有看出物质生产发展程度是这种关系的根源;第二,过去的历史理论恰恰没有说明人民群众的活动。”(中共中央编译局,2012:586)

定义来源

[1] 何彦才.马克思主义原理学科辞典[Z].科学技术文献出版社,1989.
[2] 雷清.马克思主义中国化简明读本[M].中共中央党校出版社,2011.
[3] 中共中央编译局.列宁选集(第二卷)[C].人民出版社,2012.

例句

1. 这样,施蒂纳就把关于思辨观念统治历史的思辨看法变成了关于思辨哲学家本身统治历史的看法。施蒂纳迄今所持的历史观——观念的统治——在“教阶制”中变成目前实际存在着的关系,变成思想家对世界的统治。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:135

1. In this way Stirner converts the speculative notion of the domination of the speculative idea in history into the notion of the domination of the speculative philosophers themselves. The view of history hitherto held by him—the domination of the idea—becomes in the hierarchy a relation actually existing at present; it becomes the world domination of ideologists. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 507.

2. 第三,西斯蒙第由此也必然反对斯密等人的自由放任,进而直接否定市民社会本身。当然,西斯蒙第并非主张一种简单的倒退的历史观,他实际上也能客观地看到历史本身一定的进步。他曾经将奴隶制度、封建制度和资产阶级社会的“自由制度”放置于人类社会历史的发展进程中,因为它们“每一种都先后被看作是成功的发明创造,是文明的进步”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:93

2. The third aspect of Sismondi’s argument is his opposition to Smith’s concept of laissez-faire and his ensuing condemnation of civil society itself. Of course, what Sismondi was suggesting was not simply a regressive view of history; he was able to objectively see a certain amount of progress in historical development. He placed the “liberal institutions” of salary, feudalism, and bourgeois society on successively higher planes in the developmental progression of humankind, because, as he writes in Studies on Political Economy, they “were each regarded in turn as successful creations, the progress of civilization.” -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the context of Economics, 2014: 60.

3. 在《疯癫与文明》和《物的秩序》(即《词与物》,译者注)等著作中,福柯继续构思他的历史进程观念。但是,《事物的秩序》使他与法国的马克思主义者发生了公开的冲突,后者不仅反对他的非唯物主义历史观,而且还反对他把马克思首先当做是历史人物。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:164

3. Foucault went on to devise his own conception of historical process in works such as Madness and Civilisation and The Order of Things, the latter bringing him into open conflict with French Marxists, who objected, not just to his non-materialist vision of history, but also to his treatment of Marx as a historical figure first and foremost. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 105.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
最后,第四部分是对老子历史观的评价,通过相关分析,得出结论,意在说明老子的历史观的影响与作用。——《试论老子的历史观及其影响》,曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2014
The last part is the evaluation of Lao Tze’s view of history, drawing relevant conclusions and showing Lao Tze the conception of history is a positive influence and role.

例句 2:
有历史学者质疑其治学不严,特别是对其“大历史观”颇多微词。——《历史与现实:黄仁宇史学研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2012
Historians have questioned his academic rigorousness, especially about his macro-history.

例句 3:
第四部分是青年毛泽东历史观的转变对当代青年应有的精神启示。主要立足于文章第二部分,结合生动事例分析青年毛泽东身上所具有的诸多优秀品质,以期对当代青年的成长成才有所启迪。——《试论青年毛泽东历史观的转变》,河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2012
The last part talks about what inspiration the transformation give to the contemporary young people. It is mainly based on the second part, analysing many outstanding qualities of Mao, combined with lively examples. I hope it can give some inspiration to the contemporary youth for their growth and success.

随便看

 

汉译英翻译词典收录7925条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2024 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/6/29 5:21:31