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字词 理论概括
释义

理论概括【英】

theoretical generalization; theoretical summary

译文来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:819.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 311.

定义

理论概括相对于经验概括,是指在经验概括的基础上,结合理论的演绎解释从而判定出现象间的必然联系,即达到对现象间的规律性的认识。“概括”一词在《现代汉语词典》中有两个义项,一是指把事物的共同特点归结在一起,一是指简明扼要。作为一种思维方法,概括是在思想中从某类事物个别,少数对象具有某种属性,推广到某类事物的全体对象都具有这种属性。所以理论概括是形成普遍性认识的一种思维方法。“理论概括则是在经验概括的基础上形成的。为了有效地作出理论概括,它必须和比较、演绎相结合。只有通过比较,才能找出对象的共同点,从而进行概括;只有通过演绎,才能在经验材料的基础上,避免偶然性,作出规律性的概括”(金炳华等,2001:819)。理论概括是对理性认识材料的概括,根据所依据的材料的多少,可以分为整体性理论概括、外推性理论概括。整体性理论概括是在对某类事物所有个体的了解的基础上形成的概括。外推性理论概括,是指由某类事物中部分事物具有某种属性推广到某类全体事物都具有这种属性(概括.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=ndZGkj0fxBkByH3kpSUVfoclaKPhIKdFrPYgtz_E6DA54OdID0V98uxlWzIs6d2OgHfFDNQ2Pmhn83Uh4o0QZa)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 概括.via:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=ndZGkj0fxBkByH3kpSUVfoclaKPhIKdFrPYgtz_E6DA54OdID0V98uxlWzIs6d2OgHfFDNQ2Pmhn83Uh4o0QZa

例句

1. 可是,从这段文字的具体分析来看,这种假设是难以自圆其说的。因为,马克思恩格斯在这段表述中不是在进行理论概括,而是着眼于一种十分具体的关于社会形态的实际分析。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:401

1. However, a specific analysis of this section of text reveals that it is difficult to justify these assumptions. This is because Marx and Engels here are not engaging in theoretical summary, but are rather conducting very concrete, actual analysis of social forms. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 311.

2. 如果说,从《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》到《德意志意识形态》,马克思在方法论上确立了历史唯物主义原则,在这里,他更关心如何科学地引出新的现实批判张力,这个文本的关键理论定位是从“解放的物质条件引出的批判性认识”。这也体现了马克思最终从哲学批判向批判性经济学和历史现象学研究转变的真实理论进展。我认为,这一文本是马克思对1845—1846年哲学革命的一次极重要的理论概括。令人遗憾的是,长久以来,我们严重地忽略乃至漠视了这一核心文本的深层理论研究。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:454

2. Where Marx established the principles of historical materialism in Theses on Feuerbach and The German Ideology, here he concerned himself with how to scientifically derive a new critique of reality. The theoretical placement of this text can be described as “critical understanding derived from liberated material conditions.” This demonstrates Marx’s true theoretical progression from philosophical critique to critical research in economics and historical phenomenology. I think that this text is the first important theoretical generalization in Marx’s philosophical revolution of the years 1845-1846. It is regrettable that we have neglected to the point of ignorance a profounder theoretical research of this crucial text. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 356.

3. 马克思说,“这种与人的依赖关系相对立的物的依赖关系”,无非是“与表面上独立的个人相对立的独立的社会关系,也就是与这些个人本身相对立而独立化的、他们互相间的生产关系”,紧接着,他笔锋一转,换了一个话题:“个人现在受抽象的统治,而他们以前是互相依赖的。”这个抽象是指什么呢?依据马克思的界定,“抽象或观念,无非是那些统治个人的物质关系的理论表现”。这是一个极为深刻的理论概括。在马克思这里的思考语境中,如果更具体地说,抽象就是价值,是价值的一般形态——货币。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:577-578

3. As Marx says, “material dependency relations also appear, in antithesis to those of personal dependence.” “the objective dependency relation is nothing more than social relations which have become independent and now enter into opposition to the seemingly independent individuals; i.e. the reciprocal relations of production separated from and autonomous of individuals.” Marx next changes the direction of his analysis, writing: “individuals are now ruled by abstractions, whereas earlier they depended on one another.” What does Marx mean here by “abstractions?” According to Marx’s definition here, “the abstraction, or idea, however, is nothing more than the theoretical expression of those material relations which are their [individuals] lord and master.” This is an extremely profound theoretical summary. In Marx’s context at this point, abstraction is value, the general form of value: money. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 458.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
《文赋》对中国文学理论的贡献主要表现在三个方面:一是对诗歌特征作了新的理论概括。——《论<文赋>在中国文论史上的地位》,郑州大学硕士学位论文,2003
The contributions it makes to Chinese literary theory can find their best expression in the following three ways: First, it refreshed the generalization of the characteristics of poems.

例句 2:
前者经由宋初的白体、晚唐体,至宛陵体、半山体而初具规模,到了苏、黄手中,其经典性的理论概括和创作范式最终定型。杜甫诗歌在宋代的接受,经历了由崇尚杜诗气格到标举老杜诗法的转变,并最终在奉老杜为诗学宗主的江西诗派那里形成了“以文字为诗,以才学为诗,以议论为诗”宋调典范。——《唐诗与宋代诗学》,南开大学博士学位论文,2009

例句 3:
所谓政策规避,就是指政策执行主体和执行对象在政策执行过程中,采取有意偏离、违背政策目标的行为或者通过消极不作为来逃避、妨碍、干扰政策对相关利益的调整和分配,从而使政策目标不能实现的现象和情形。政策规避是对政策执行偏差、政策执行走样、政策执行消极、政策执行停滞及其他一切不能实现政策目标的执行行为的理论概括和总称。——《政策执行中的政策规避研究》,中共中央党校博士学位论文,2004

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