社会保障【英】

social security

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 78.

定义

社会保障，又叫社会保障理论，社会制度在群众福利方面的一种具体体现，主要是指在国家的法律支持下，国家积极动员社会各方面资源，保证无收入、低收入以及遭受各种意外灾害的公民能够维持生存，保障劳动者可以在年老、失业、患病、工伤、生育的时候基本生活不会受到影响，同时随着经济和社会发展状况的发展，国家会逐步努力增进公共福利水平以提高国民生活的质量。西方国家将社会保障看做“社会安全”，这种思想起源于19世纪末的欧洲。德国最早实行了国家性社会保障制度，并制定了有关法律。到了20世纪以来，社会保障在欧美及全世界广泛实行，许多西方国家实行“福利国家化”（王益英，1997：305）。“社会保障”一词，最早使用可以追溯到美国1935年的《社会保障法》。我国对于社会保障的权威性界定是在1993年11月。“党的十四届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》，明确划定了社会保障的范围，即社会保障体系包括社会保险、社会救济、社会福利、优抚安置和社会互助、个人储蓄积累保障”（戴相龙，黄达，1998：770）。“社会保障制度是政府为了促进经济发展，维护社会稳定和保证社会公平而建立的一种福利制度”（郭凯明等，2012：78）。在国家的社会保障制度下，公民可以获得物质帮助。1982年宪法第44条就已经规定：“退休人员的生活受到国家和社会的保障。”随着社会的不断发展，社会保障事业将会越来越完善，水平不断提高，充分体现了社会主义制度的优越性。

定义来源

[1]王益英. 中华法学大辞典·劳动法学卷[Z].中国检察出版社，1997.
[2]郭凯明，龚六堂.社会保障、家庭养老与经济增长[J].金融研究，2012（01）. 
[3]戴相龙，黄达.中华金融辞库[Z].中国金融出版社，1998.

例句

1. 比如：发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，发展方式依然粗放，城乡区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距依然较大，社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安、执法司法等关系群众切身利益的问题较多，部分群众生活困难，形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风问题突出，一些领域消极腐败现象易发多发，反腐败斗争形势依然严峻，等等。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：71-72

1. We are weak in scientific and technological innovation. The industrial structure is unbalanced and the growth mode remains inefficient. The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities. Social problems are markedly on the rise. There are many problems affecting the peopled immediate interests in education, employment, social security, health care, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc. Some people still lead hard lives. Formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance are serious problems. Some sectors are prone to corruption and other types of misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 78.

2. 他还说：“我们的人民热爱生活，期盼有更好的教育、更稳定的工作、更满意的收入、更可靠的社会保障、更高水平的医疗卫生服务、更舒适的居住条件、更优美的环境，期盼孩子们能成长得更好、工作得更好、生活得更好。”——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》，2013：4

2. He also pointed out that, “Our people love life and they are looking forward to better education, more stable jobs, more satisfying income, more reliable social security, more modern medical care, more comfortable living conditions and a more beautiful environment. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream” 2015:4.

3. 三是推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置。主要是保障农民工同工同酬，保障农民公平分享徒弟增值收益；完善农业保险制度；鼓励社会资本投向农村建设，允许企业和社会组织在农村兴办各类事业。统筹城乡义务教育资源均衡配置，整合城乡居民基本养老保险制度、基本医疗保险制度，推进城乡最低生活保障制度统筹发展，稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，把进城落户农民完全纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：81-82

3. We will ensure migrant workers receive equal pay for equal work, and ensure farmers equally share the gains from added value of land; improve the agricultural insurance system; encourage investment in rural development, and permit enterprises and social organizations to start all kinds of undertakings in rural areas; make a balanced allocation of compulsory education resources between urban and rural areas, integrate the basic old-age insurance and health-care insurance systems of urban and rural residents, and improve the balanced development of the minimum living allowance system in both urban and rural areas; and steadily make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in cities, and incorporate farmers who have settled down in urban areas into the urban housing and social security network. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 91.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
各国发展历程证明，农村剩余劳动力向城镇的转移是伴随工业化和城市化而产生的普遍现象，而农民工群体的产生则是由建立在我国二元户籍管理制度之上的社会管理制度之下产生的特殊群体。——《我国农民工群体特征及社会保障研究》，吉林大学博士学位论文，2014
Study on Population Characteristics and Social Security of Migrant Workers States prove, transfer surplus rural labor to cities and towns was produced along with industrialization and urbanization, widespread, and is generated by groups of migrant workers based on binary household registration system in China under the system of social management of special groups.

例句 2：
社会保障伦理思想研究作为正在崛起的研究领域，具有重要的实际意义。此项研究不仅要确立其基本框架体系，研究当前的社会保障伦理现象和问题，还必须梳理社会保障伦理的思想史，找出社会保障伦理发展的规律，为此必须重点突破对重要典籍和人物的研究。——《儒家社会保障伦理思想探究》，首都经济贸易大学硕士学位论文，2006
As a rising field of study, research of social security ethics has practical significance. It is not only important to establish basic framework to study the current phenomenon but also essential to identify ethical development. So it requires researching focus on some important works and figures in history.

例句 3：
确立合理的社会保障筹资方式是一国社会保障体系构建中的核心问题。当前，我国社会保障事业的发展虽然已初具规模，但在运营和管理方面还很不完善，其中，因筹资方式而导致的问题尤显s突出。——《中国开征社会保障税的框架设计》，首都经济贸易大学硕士学位论文，2005
Selecting a rational way to collect social security fund is the crucial issue for constructing social security system. At present, Chinese Social security project has mainly formed, but still needs pe