工农差别【英】

difference between industry and agriculture

译文来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：349.

定义

工农差别（difference between industry and agriculture），是指工业和农业之间的矛盾。在剥削社会里，工农差别表现为对立关系。随着资本主义大工业的产生和发展，农业日益落后于工业，工业剥削、排挤农业，扩大了工农业之间的差别。社会主义社会实现了农业合作化，建立了生产资料公有制，实行计划经济，消除了工业剥削农业、工业和农业对立的关系。但是，由于受到社会主义生产力发展水平的限制，社会主义生产资料公有制在工业主要表现为全民所有制。在农业主要表现为集体所有制（夏征农，1985：23）。工业和农业之间需要通过商品交换的方式实现流淌，因此，工农业在所有制生产水平、劳动条件和劳动者的经济收入、文化技术水平，以及生活条件等方面还有显著的差别，工人和农民仍然是两个经济地位不同的阶级。工农差别必须经过长期努力，即极大地提高社会生产力水平，既建设高度的物质文明，又建设高度的精神文明，才能逐渐地缩小以至最终消灭。

定义来源

夏征农.社会主义辞典[Z].吉林人民出版社，1985.

例句

1. 持续了7年的新经济政策是从1921年3月开始的，当时用一定份额的实物税取代了余粮征收制，使农民能保留其一定数量的剩余产品。这又导致取消自由贸易的限制和恢复工农业之间的市场关系。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：120

1. The NEP, which was to last seven years, began in March 1921 when the requisitioning system was replaced by a tax in kind which enabled the peasants to keep a fixed share of their surplus. This in turn led to the abolition of restrictions on free trade and the restoration of market relations between agriculture and industry. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 128-129.

2. 新政权迅速采取了许多财政措施：统一并适当分配税收、主要通过规定基本商品的价格控制通货膨胀、实现收支平衡。与此同时，由于恰当地处理了工农业问题，因而基本实现了经济的恢复。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：227

2. The new regime rapidly took a number of financial measures which unified and fairly distributed the taxes, brought inflation under control – largely by tying money values to units of basic commodities – and produced a balanced budget. At the same time, basic economic recovery was achieved by a moderate approach to industry and agriculture. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 236.

3. 现在国民党新军阀的统治，依然是城市买办阶级和乡村豪绅阶级部统治，对外投降帝国主义，对内以新军阀代替旧军阀，对工农阶级的经济的剥削和政治的压迫比从前更加厉害。——《毛泽东选集（第一卷）》，1991：47

3. The present regime of the new warlords of the Kuomintang remains a regime of the comprador class in the cities and the landlord class in the countryside; it is a regime which has capitulated to imperialism in its foreign relations and which at home has replaced the old warlords with new ones, subjecting the working class and the peasantry to an even more ruthless economic exploitation and political oppression. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 63.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
在上世纪我国曾提出要缩小三大差别，即城乡差别，工农差别，体力劳动和脑力劳动差别。——《论法律上的差别对待》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2006
Our country once proposed to deduce three wide difference, namely difference between town and country, workers and peasants, physical labor and mental labor.

例句 2：
在无产阶级的领导下，针对资本主义生产方式及上层建筑不断变革、发展，以实现全人类“三个大大”为目标，即生产力大大发展，社会产品大大涌现，社会成员精神文明水准大大提高，并最终消灭“三大差别”，即工农差别、城乡差别和脑体差别——这些正是社会主义的特征。——《论过渡阶段的政府社会职能——基于BOT模式的微观视角》，财政部财政科学研究所博士学位论文，2010
Under the leadership of proletariat, changing and developing the capitalist mode of production and the superstructure, and taking achieving all mankind “three significant” (a rapid development of the productive forces, .a significant emergence of social goods, greatly improved social and spiritual standards of the members)and eventually eliminating the “three different” (differences between industry and agriculture, between urban and rural, between physical and brain)—These are the precise characteristics of socialism. 

例句 3：
要实现二元经济向一元经济的成功转型不仅要依赖于农村人口向城市的转移，而且要提高农业自身的生产能力,改善农村生活条件，使工农差别和城乡差别不断缩小。——“技术进步、要素市场化与二元结构转型”，载于《暨南学报（哲学社会科学）》2003年第2期
In order to successfully transform the dual economic structure to the single economic structure, we must transfer rural population to urban areas, improve agricultural productivity and rural living conditions, and reduce the discr