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字词 宪章运动
释义

宪章运动【英】

the Chartist movement

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 15-16.

定义

宪章运动是英国无产阶级为争取实行以普选权为核心的《人民宪章》的革命运动,《人民宪章》也是此次运动的政治纲领。19世纪30年代英国工业革命接近完成,工人阶级境况非常恶劣,工人运动高涨。1832年的国会改革并未给予工人任何权利,工人阶级开始走上政治斗争的道路。1837年5至6月伦敦工人协会(1836年成立)拟定了以争取普选权为基本要求的《人民宪章》草案,向国会请愿。次年草案以法案形式公布。《人民宪案》得到了各地工人的支持,资产阶级和小资产阶级激进派也卷入运动。(宪章运动.via:
http://xuewen.cnki.net/R2006090680000912.html)宪章运动的目的是,工人们要求取得普选权,以便有机会参与国家的管理,因此,工人阶级希望通过政治变革来提高自己的经济地位。他们把自己的要求以《人民宪章》的形式发表。但运动最后失败,其失败的原因是缺乏科学理论的指导,这从反面反映了创立科学的革命理论的迫切要求。(英国宪章运动.via:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/85847.htm?fromtitle=%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&fromid=5904556&type=syn)
恩格斯对宪章运动有很高的评价,说它是无产阶级的第一次独立的政治运动,但是同时又批评宪章主义者目标狭隘,并且提出了一个极其重要的理论原理:宪章运动必须和社会主义结合起来。(马克思,恩格斯,1957:IX-X)列宁也对宪章运动给予了高度评价,称之为“世界上第一次广泛的、真正群众性的、政治上已经成型的无产阶级革命运动”。(金炳华,2003:335)

定义来源

[1] 宪章运动.via:
http://xuewen.cnki.net/R2006090680000912.html
[2] 英国宪章运动.via:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/85847.htm?fromtitle=%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&fromid=5904556&type=syn
[3] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)[M].人民出版社,1957.
[4] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 批判发现:“工人仍被宪章运动的广泛的允诺所迷住”,而实际上宪章运动正是工人的舆论的政治表现;批判在自己的绝对精神的深处看出“两个集团即政治集团与土地和工厂所有者集团已经互不融合和互不掩护”但是到现在为止我们还没有听到过,土地和工厂所有者集团这两个私有者阶级虽然人数不多,政治权利也完全一样(少数贵族除外),却具有这样广泛的性质,我们还没有听到过,实际上作为政党的最彻底的表现和顶点的这一集团又是和政党集团绝对同一的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)》,1957:17

1. Criticism is superb, too, when it discovers that “the workers still let themselves be lured by the sweeping promises of the Chartist movement”, which is nothing but the political expression of public opinion among the workers. Criticism is superb, too, when it realises, in the depths of its Absolute Spirit, that “the two party groupings, the political one and that of the landowners and mill-owners, no longer wish to merge or coincide”. It was so far not known that the party grouping of the landowners and the mill-owners, because of the numerical smallness of either class of owners and the equal political rights of each (with the exception of the few peers), was so comprehensive that it was completely identical with the political party groupings, and not their most consistent expression, their peak. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4), 1975: 15-16.

2. 社会民主党在俄国也象过去在其他国家一样,只有当它深入到民主群众中去的时候,才能生根,才能巩固。如果它只耕耘民主派的上层,虽然是土壤最肥沃的上层,那么新的风暴也会轻而易举地把它从俄国土地上连根拔掉,就象1848年法国社会民主党或者40年代英国的社会民主主义运动,即著名的‘宪章运动’的遭遇一样。”——《列宁全集(第十二卷)》,1987:283

2. In Russia, as was also the case in other countries, Social-Democracy can take root and become strong only when it penetrates deeply into the democratic masses. Should it, however, limit itself to cultivating the upper, even if the most fruitful, layer of democrats, a new hurricane may easily uproot it from Russian soil in the same way as Social-Democracy was uprooted in France in 1848, or as the Social-Democratic movement known as the ‘Chartist movement’ was uprooted in England in the 1840s.” -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 10), 1978: 241.

3. 可是您不知不觉地从革命问题转到改良问题了。这不是同一个东西。您不认为宪章运动在19世纪英国的改良事业方面起了很大作用吗?——《斯大林全集(第十四卷)》,2015:23

3. But you have imperceptibly passed from questions of revolution to questions of reform. This is not the same thing. Don’t you think that the Chartist movement played a great role in the Reforms in England in the nineteenth century? -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 14), 1978: 41.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
哈贝马斯认为,文学公共领域是资产阶级公共领域的前身和雏形,而像英国宪章运动这样的平民公共领域则“卸下了其文学外装”。——“平民文学公共领域与英国宪章运动”,载于《广东外语外贸大学学报》2015年第6期
In Habermasian theory, literary public sphere is the antecedent and the embryo of the bourgeois public sphere while civilian public sphere such as the Chartist Movement removes literature.

例句 2:
但工人阶层的文化状况表明,宪章运动前的英国不仅具有形成平民文学公共领域的条件,也的确存在过以工人阶层为主体的平民文学公共领域。——“平民文学公共领域与英国宪章运动”,载于《广东外语外贸大学学报》2015年第6期
However, the culture situation of the working class reveals that the condition of the civilian literary public sphere has been prepared and the working class acted as the main part in civilian literary public sphere in Britain before the Chartist Movement.

例句 3:
在激进活动被严格限制的年代,它以文化的形式为宪章运动的到来作了思想准备,培养了大批具有批判性和自律性的公众,为宪章运动以理性、和平的方式进行提供了保障。——“平民文学公共领域与英国宪章运动”,载于《广东外语外贸大学学报》2015年第6期
When the radical activities are strictly limited, it was prepared in the form of culture to welcome Chartism. It trained lots of critical and self-discipline citizens and made the Chartist Movement more rational and peaceful.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:46:33