字词 | 季节变动 |
释义 | 季节变动【英】seasonal variation译文来源[1] 王吉利.英汉汉英统计大词典[Z].中国统计出版社,2001. 定义季节变动是由于周期气候变化和特殊节假日而发生的,多少具有一定规律性的、逐月或逐季的经济因素的波动(刘伟,1994:396)。季节变动主要是由于自然界气候的变化和社会风俗习惯而引起的(胡代光,1996:726)。如盐业生产在日光充足而又少雨的季节就较多,而雨季或冬季冰期的生产量则很少。又由于节假日的影响,使得电视机的销售量在不同月份就不一样,如大型节假日前的那个月的销售量较多,而其后的销售量较少,原因是大型节假日的电视节目精彩。为了消除季节变动对经济序列的影响,可以进行季节调整,季节调整是逐月或逐季进行补偿。可以有各种方法,例如环比法,月平均数法以及平均数和比法,季节调整数字可以是稳定的,即各个月份的季节指数每年都不变,也可以是变动的,即各个月份的季节指数每年稍有不同。季节指数用百分数表示,每个月数字均为年平均数之比。经济季节调整的数据的优点是,周期性的变动不会因纯季节性的变动而看不清楚。因此,在探讨经济周期时,季节调整是必要的(刘伟,1994:396)。 定义来源[1] 刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994. 例句1. 《概述》作者为了证实所谓大作坊没有重要意义这一见解,他们引用了下列事实:在手工业者的雇佣工人中年工很少(8%),大多数是计件工(37%)、季节工(30%)和日工(25%,第51页)。——《列宁全集(第二卷)》,1984:255 1. In confirmation of their opinion that the large establishments are of no great significance, the compilers of the Sketch refer to the fact that very few (8%) of the number of wage-workers employed by the handicraftsmen are employed by the year, the majority being piece-workers (37%), seasonal workers (30%) and day labourers (25%, p. 51). -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 2), 1972: 379. 2. 因此,如果生产商品所需要的劳动时间不变,商品的价值量也就不变。但是,生产商品所需要的劳动时间随着劳动生产力的每一变动而变动。劳动生产力是由多种情况决定的,其中包括:工人的平均熟练程度,科学的发展水平和它在工艺上应用的程度,生产过程的社会结合,生产资料的规模和效能,以及自然条件。例如,同一劳动量在丰收年表现为8蒲式耳小麦,在歉收年只表现为4蒲式耳。 ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)》,1972:53 2. The value of a commodity would therefore remain constant, if the labour time required for its production also remained constant. But the latter changes with every variation in the productiveness of labour. This productiveness is determined by various circumstances, amongst others, by the average amount of skill of the workmen, the state of science, and the degree of its practical application, the social organisation of production, the extent and capabilities of the means of production, and by physical conditions. For example, the same amount of labour in favourable seasons is embodied in 8 bushels of corn, and in unfavourable, only in four. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 35), 1996: 50. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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