真正的社会主义【英】

true socialism

译文来源

Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 259.

定义

“真正的社会主义”是19世纪40年代在德国流行一时的小资产阶级的社会主义思潮和流派。它以宣传抽象的“人”、“爱”为特征，具有反动性。恩格斯在《真正的社会主义者》中深刻剖析了“真正的社会主义者”们在诗歌和小说中关于抽象的“人”的虚伪说教，分析了他们如何表面上表现出对穷人悲惨境遇的同情和怜悯，而在实际上却抹杀阶级矛盾，鼓吹救世主的博爱理论。恩格斯认为，“‘真正的社会主义的真理，实际上是一切温情之中的温情！”（马克思，恩格斯，1956：691）这是一种纯粹的德国式的小市民心理。他们害怕真正的革命，反对阶级斗争，主张穷人与富人之间的“调和”，“兄弟般的爱”。恩格斯对“真正的社会主义者”的批判，是批判资产阶级抽象“人性论”、“人类爱”的范例。

定义来源

马克思，恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）[M].人民出版社，1956.

例句

1. 黑格尔那种在实质上是具体的自我发生运动的观念逻辑，现在成为了属于一定社会形式的个人及活动，成为具体的社会产物，成为暂时的、在一定现实性上的人对自然、人与人之间的社会关系之总和。这个以“一定的（bestimmten）”人类社会实践为核心的历史唯物主义方法，才是马克思哲学新视域的真正秘密。只有真正理解这一点，才能真正体悟马克思思想革命的意义，才能真正读懂《德意志意识形态》第一章手稿中马克思以这个“一定的”对历史本体进行建构的意义，才能理解马克思为什么在《马克思致安年柯夫》中连用八个“一定的”，才能明白马克思为什么在《哲学的贫困》中批判蒲鲁东时反复说“历史的”和“暂时的”，才能领会马克思为什么在《共产党宣言》中批判赫斯“真正的社会主义”的抽象实质！——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：338

1. Hegel’s idea logic, which is actually specifically self-happening, now becomes individuals and activity that belong to a certain social form. It becomes a concrete product of society, a temporary sum of the social relationships between man and both nature and other men under certain conditions of reality. It is this historical materialist method that is centered on the practice of certain (“bestimmmten”) human society that is the true secret of Marx’s new philosophical worldview. Only by truly understanding this point can we truly grasp the significance of Marx’s philosophical revolution, can we truly understand the significance of Marx’s use of “certain” to structure history, can we understand why Marx would use eight “certain”s in his letter to Annenkov, can we understand why Marx in Poverty of Philosophy would criticize Proudhon by repeatedly using the words “historical” and “temporary,” can we understand why Marx in The Communist Manifesto would criticize the abstract substance of Hess’ “true socialism.” -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 259.

2. 《德意志意识形态》全书分为两卷八章，约有五十印张。第一卷由一篇序言和三章构成，主要批判费尔巴哈、鲍威尔和施蒂纳等人的哲学观点，同时正面说明自己的新世界观的基本原则。第二卷由五篇构成，主要批判所谓的“真正的社会主义”思潮。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：391

2. The German Ideology is divided into two volumes and eight chapters, comprising about 50 printed pages in all. Volume I contains a preface and three chapters and primarily criticizes the philosophical viewpoints of Feuerbach, Bauer, and Stirner while also explaining the basic principles of the new worldview of Marx and Engels. Volume II is made up of five sections and focuses on criticizing the “True Socialism” school of thought. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 302.

3. 究竟无产阶级作家如何使用“权利”、“劳动”等等术语以及批判怎样对待它们，我们将在论及“真正的社会主义”时谈到（见第二卷）。至于谈到权利，我们和其他许多人都曾强调指出了共产主义对政治权利、私人权利以及权利的最一般的形式即人权所采取的反对立场。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）：德意志意识形态》，1956：228-229

3. Concerning the expressions “law”, “labour”, etc., how they are used by proletarian writers and what should be the attitude of criticism towards them, we shall speak in connection with "True Socialism" (see Volume II). As far as law is concerned, we with many others have stressed the opposition of communism to law, both political and private, as also in its most general form as the rights of man. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 209.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
马克思和恩格斯多次使用“乌托邦”指代、批判、讽刺那些脱离现实的空幻的社会主义思想，如小资产阶级的社会主义、“真正的”社会主义等。——“马克思恩格斯语境中的托马斯·莫尔及‘乌托邦’”，载于《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第5期
In the writings of Marx and Engels, the word “Utopian” or “Utopia” usually refers to those unrealisitic and fantastic socialist ideas ironically and critically, such as pretty-bourgeois socialism, “true” socialism, etc.

例句 2：
可以发现，从《共产主义信条苹案》、《共产主义原理》到《共产党宣言》，正是马克思带助恩格斯进一步充服“真正的社会主义”残余影响的过程。——“马克思是《共产党宣言》思想的主创者——兼与巴加图利亚、卡弗等学者商榷”，载于《学术月刊》2008年第8期
Having compared the texts of Drafts of the Communist Confession of Faith, The principles of Communism (both by Engels only) and Manifesto, with the reference to the Germany Ideology, we find that Engels gradually removed the influence of “true socialism” by the help of Marx.

例句 3：
高兹还认为传统的苏联模式的社会主义，奉行的也是经济理性，因此不是真正的社会主义，也不可能从根本上解决生态问题。——《高兹生态马克思主义思想研究》，黑龙江大学博士学位论文，2011
Gorz also thought that traditional Soviet Model’s socialism, carries out the economical rationality, therefore is not true socialism, is also impossible fundamentally to solve the ecology problem.