阶级觉悟【英】

class-consciousness; class self-consciousness; political consciousness

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：333.
[2] Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 288.

定义

阶级觉悟亦称政治觉悟。觉悟是指人们对事物及其产生和发展的规律的认识和理解程度，一个人觉悟的高低决定了其能动地参与自身及社会活动的方式和方法，从而最终决定其社会活动效率和成果。因此在一定程度上，觉悟就是一个人的世界观和方法论。政治觉悟是人们在政治生活实践中领悟政治问题、明辨政治是非的能力和水平，也体现出一个人对本阶级与统治阶级在利益上的根本对立和本阶级的历史使命认识的自觉程度，通常指人们对无产阶级的级的阶级地位、根本利益和历史使命的认识，和为革命事业奋斗的自觉性（金炳华，2003：333）。中国共产党素来重视党员政治觉悟的教育和提高，以此保持共产党员的先进性，带领全国各族人民攻坚克难，取得了新民主主义革命和社会主义革命、改革、建设的胜利。判断一个人政治觉悟，既要看其认识水平和理解能力，更要看其在现实政治生活中的行为，观其是否做到把广大人民的利益放在首要位置；既要看其一时的行为，更要在优越或贫困的环境下观其表现；既要看其政治理论水平和业务素质，更要看其在日常政治实践中的工作立场、态度和作风（李志杰，王福强，2009：168）。

定义来源

[1] 李志杰，王福强.浅谈如何提高政治觉悟[J].管理观察，2009，（7）.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 我们是革命转变论者，主张民主革命转变到社会主义方向去。民主革命中将有几个发展阶段，都在民主共和国口号下面。从资产阶级占优势到无产阶级占优势，这是一个斗争的长过程，争取领导权的过程，依靠着共产党对无产阶级觉悟程度组织程度的提高，对农民、对城市小资产阶级觉悟程度组织程度的提高。——《毛泽东选集（第一卷）》，1991：276

1. We are exponents of the theory of the transition of the revolution and we are for the transition of the democratic revolution in the direction of socialism. The democratic revolution will develop through several stages, all under the slogan of a democratic republic. The change from the predominance of the bourgeoisie to that of the proletariat is a long process of struggle, of struggle for leadership in which success depends on the work of the Communist Party in raising the level of political consciousness and organization both of the proletariat and of the peasantry and urban petty bourgeoisie. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 288

2. 今年，党代表大会要完成几项特别重要的任务。在奥地利，问题是要争得普选权，即争得那种在有阶级觉悟的工人手里要比受过机械训练的士兵所掌握的小口径连发枪射得更远、打得更准的武器。统治阶级——不论是封建贵族，还是资产阶级——正在千方百计地反对把这种武器交给工人。斗争将是长期的和激烈的。但 是，如果工人们能显示出政治远见、能保有耐心和坚毅精神、能团结一致和遵守纪律、能发扬这一切已经使他们取得这样多辉煌成就的品质，那么，最后胜利保证是属于他们的。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十二卷）》，1965: 520

2. This year's Party Congress has particularly important tasks to fulfill. What matters most in Austria is the campaign for universal suffrage, that weapon which, in the hands of class-conscious workers, has a longer range and a surer aim than a small-calibre magazine rifle in the hands of a trained soldier. The ruling classes—feudal aristocracy and bourgeoisie alike—are doing their utmost to prevent the delivery of this weapon into the hands of the workers. The struggle will be long and fierce. But if the workers show the political judgment, the patience and perseverance, the unanimity and discipline with which they have already won so many fine victories, then the ultimate victory will surely be theirs. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 27), 1990: 442.

3. 正是组织问题在这种乌托邦主义的昏暗中呆得最久。这决不是偶然的。大的工人党大多数是在这样的时期中成长起来的，那时革命问题只是直接规定日常生活一切行动的问题。因此似乎不必要以具体理论方式揭晓革命的性质和可能的进程，以便推论出对无产阶级觉悟部分应该如何有意识地行动的要求。然而，如何组织革命党的问题只能从革命理论本身中有机地发展出来。只有当革命成为日常的问题时，革命组织的问题才会迫切要求进入群众及其理论家的意识。——《历史与阶级意识：关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》，1996：387

3. It is precisely the problems of organisation which have languished longest in the half-light of utopianism. This is no accident. The great workers' parties grew up for the most part in periods when the problem of revolution was only conceived as influencing programmes in a theoretical way rather than as something which informed all the actions of daily life. Thus it did not not seem necessary to spell out in theoretically concrete terms the nature and the probable course of the revolution in order to infer the manner in which the conscious sector of the proletariat should consciously act. However, the question of how to organise a revolutionary party can only be developed organically from a theory of revolution itself. Only when the revolution has entered into quotidian reality will the question of revolutionary organisation demand imperiously to be admitted to the consciousness of the masses and their theoreticians. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 297.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
以上海工人为主体的中国工人阶级的壮大和阶级觉悟的提高，为共产党的创建奠定阶级基础。上海发达的媒介网络为马克思主义的早期传播提供便利条件。——“中共建党与近代上海社会”，载于《历史研究》2011年第3期
The growth of the Chinese working class, in which Shanghai workers formed the main body, and their class consciousness laid a class foundation for the Party’s establishment, and Shanghai’s highly developed media network facilitated the early dissemination of Marxism.

例句 2：
以理想信念引领群众，将党的政治理论与群众思想教育结合起来，唤醒了人民群众的阶级觉悟。——“论延安时期党的群众工作的基本经验”，载于《理论学刊》2014年第2期
The first is guiding the masses with ideal and faith. The Party’s political theory and the masses’ ideological education were integrated to arouse the people’s class consciousness．

例句 3：
川陕苏区以多层次、全方位的立体工作管道为依托，以切实维护群众物质利益为工作抓手，通过宣传、教育、动员与沟通等方式，对群众展开以启发阶级觉悟、调动革命热情为核心的思想政治教育，不仅为苏区发展壮大做出不可磨灭的贡献，而且为我们今天留下宝贵的精神财富。——“川陕苏区党的群众思想政治工作”，载于《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第1期
In Sichuan-Shanxi Soviet Revolutionary Area, Chinese Communist Party gave education to the masses and enlightened their class consciousness and mobilized their revolutionary ardor. Through building variety of work channels, and by the methods of dissemination, education, mobilization and communication the party worked hard to maintain the loaves and fishes of the masses. The experiences not only contributed greatly to the development of the Sichuan-Shanxi Soviet Revolutiona