整体性【英】

wholeness; entirety; totality; integrity

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 271.
[2] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 18.
[3] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 51.
[4] via: http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%u6574%u4F53%u6027
[5] 夏基松.现代西方哲学辞典[Z].安徽人民出版社，1987：549.

定义

整体性，又称“整一性”、“有机性”、“完整性”，是德国古典哲学家黑格尔用以表述对事物作辩证的有机整体把握的哲学用语，在其《美学》一书中最早提出。具体内涵包括：整体大于部分、有机整一、内在矛盾、自己运动、活的生机等等。整体性的观点很常见于黑格尔的哲学体系中，如：黑格尔在论及自然生命的本质时指出，生命必须作为一种身体构造的整体，才是实在的，这种整体不能显现为一种固定静止的东西，而是要显现为观念化的继续不断的过程，在这过程中要见出活的灵魂。黑格尔在到对美的本质、自然美和艺术美等许多问题的分析中，依旧贯彻了整体性观点，认为自然美要有整体性才具有生气，自然事物的各部分必须都融化成为一个整体，正是这种整体性，才使自然事物显得美；而艺术美的本质也就在于把外在形象与灵魂的内在生活结合为一种自由的和谐的整体，艺术美要求灵魂即理念展开为外在形象，达到灵与形的统一。此外，“整一性是黑格尔用以评价文艺作品审美价值的一个重要尺度”（金炳华，2003：29），黑格尔在赞扬历史上如荷马史诗、希腊雕刻、莎士比亚戏剧等各类优秀艺术品时，还把整体性作为一个具有最高级审美价值的评判范畴。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 分工是生产技术的专门化，同时也是时空上的生产劳动的整体性与合作进一步发展的条件。“所以，交换和劳动一样，对于有益的和扩大了的生产是必要的。”因而，“没有交换就不能有生产，也就不能继续生产财富。没有交换的劳动和没有劳动的交换几乎是同样地毫无用处”。汤普逊深刻地看到，正是这种扩大了的生产中的“交换把人引出了自我的小天地”。广泛的分工与交换，现实地使人从封建土地上狭隘的封闭生存中解放出来。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：350

1. The division of labor is the specialization of productive technology; at the same time, it is a further condition of the wholeness and cooperation of productive labor in time. Thus exchange is like labor, it is necessary to beneficial and expanded production. Therefore without exchange there can be no production, no further production of wealth. Labor without exchange, like exchange without labor, are nearly the same in their uselessness. Thompson profoundly realized that it was exchange in expanded production that drew people out of their own self-worlds. General division of labor and exchange truly free man from the closed existence of feudal land ownership. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 271.

2. 另一方面，拉克劳和墨菲认为，多元决定表明了一个解构世界，预示着一种被认为不可避免地存在于任何事态中的“剩余”观念。例如，意义的剩余使得从符号的整体性來理解符号成为永远不可能的事情，因为它总是指向当下之外的其他某种事态——可能是许多种事态。因此，“只有作为颠覆它的‘意义剩余’的部分限制，一个体系才存在”。 ——《后马克思主义思想史》，2011：29

2. Laclau and Mouffe, on the other hand, think over-determination points forward to the world of deconstruction, prefiguring the notion of the ‘surplus’ that is held to be inescapably there in any state of affairs. The excess of meaning, for example, that prevents the sign from ever being graspable in its entirety, since it is always referring to other states of affairs—quite possibly a multitude of them—outside the present one. Thus, ‘a system only exists as a partial limitation of a “surplus of meaning” which subverts it’. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 18.

3. 正是在这种背景下，卢森堡撰写了《群众罢工、党和工会》的小册子，力求把工会的经济改良主义和政治行动之间的鸿沟弥合起来。她想要阐明，群众罢工不再是无政府主义者的工具，因此现在再沿用恩格斯以前对此问题的批判已不恰当了。至于工会的反对，大体上也是不中肯的，因为俄国革命的主要教训是“群众罢工不是‘人为’的，也不是凭空‘决定’，更不是‘ 鼓动’出来的。相反，它是在一定时期遵循历史必然性而从社会关系中产生出来的一种历史现象”。然后，她分析了1905年俄国群众罢工的作用，并得出三条主要结论。第一，群众罢工不是一种孤立的行动，相反是一个“持续数年或数十年整个阶级斗争时期的整体性概念体现出来的征兆”。第二，群众罢工中的经济因素和政治因素是不可分割的。第三，不是群众罢工导致革命，而是相反：正是革命创造了条件，使群众罢工中的政治因素和经济因素能够融合在一起。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：45-46

3. It was in this context that Rosa Luxemburg wrote her pamphlet on Mass Strike, Party and Trade Unions, as an effort to bridge the gap between the economic reformism of the trade unions and political action. She was concerned to make clear that the mass strike was no longer an anarchist tool and therefore that the previous criticisms of Engels along those lines were now misplaced. As for the trade union opposition, this was largely beside the point as the principal lesson of the Russian Revolution was that ‘the mass strike is not artificially “made”, not “decided” out of the blue, not “propagated”, but rather that it is an historical phenomenon which at a certain moment follows with historical necessity from the social relations’. She then analysed the role of the mass strikes in Russia in 1905 and drew three main conclusions. Firstly, the mass strike was not an isolated action: it was rather ‘the sign, the totality-concept of a whole period of the class struggle lasting for years, perhaps decades’. Secondly, the economic and political elements in the mass strike were inseparable. Thirdly, instead of the mass strike leading to revolution, it was the other way round: it was the revolution which created conditions enabling the fusion of the economic and political elements in the mass strike. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 51-52.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
学界有四种重构或解释马克思主义理论整体性的方式。——“马克思主义理论整体性重构的基本问题及其框架”，载于《南京大学学报（哲学·人文科学·社会科学）》2016年第6期
At present, there are four ways to reconstruct the integrity of Marxist theory in academia.

例句 2：
整体性是人类文化的精神血脉。——“人类整体发展时代的文化创新”，载于《求是学刊》2009年第3期
Wholeness is the energetic blood vessels of culture.

例句 3：
马克思主义整体性是指把马克思主义各种理论作为一个整体来认识和对待的科学方法。——“马克思主义整体性视阈的中国特色社会主义”，载于《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第6期
Marxism entirety which is a scientific method considers all kinds of Marxism theories as the entirety to realize and treat.