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字词 长期失业者
释义

长期失业者【英】

long-term unemployed; hard-core unemployed

译文来源

[1] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:48.
[2] via: https://www.bls.gov/bls/cps_fact_sheets/ltu_mock.htm

定义

长期失业者又被称为“失业硬核”,指那些在已登记的失业人员中难以获得工作从而长期处于失业状态的失业者。长期失业者现象的存在可能是由于:第一,文化技术水平低,智力条件差。第二,年龄大或体质差,体力条件差。第三,对工作的态度过于挑剔,能获得的工作不符合他们的要求。第四,种族或性别歧视。一般认为,这部分失业者构成了一个无法减少的最低限度失业人数,称为失业者中难以消除的“硬核”。减少这种企业者是降低自然失业率的一个重要内容,主要途径是对这些人进行人力资本投资,改变他们在劳动力市场上不受欢迎的状况,以及改变他们对工作的态度(通过改变失业补助方式)等(刘伟等,1994:48)。
而若想要解决长期失业这一问题,则需要政府不断完善公共就业服务体制机制,加大就业培训力度,制订就业培训计划;加强公共就业服务网络信息化建设,广泛、及时地收集和提供劳动力供求信息,保障信息通畅;加强对政府就业职能部门的培训和考核,提供更便捷、高效的就业服务(吴江,王欣,2012:67-68)。

定义来源

[1] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994.
[2] 吴江,王欣.长期失业人员求职意向的研究——基于公共就业服务角度的分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2012(3)

例句

1. 目前,汉泽曼先生不可能进行任何工作,因为他没有钱。只有当信任恢复以后,他才能够得到钱。但是,等到信任恢复时,工人,用他自己的话来说,就会找到工作,那时政府就用不着给失业者以工作了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第五卷)》,1958:184

1. For the moment, Herr Hansemann cannot order any public works to be started because he cannot obtain any money. He can only obtain the money when confidence is restored. But, as he himself says, when confidence is restored, the workers will be employed and the Government will no longer need to procure jobs for them. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 171.

2. 机器已经改良,工人对原料的性质更了解了,工人对他们在最初不得不努力克服的困难,也已经比较容易对付了。去年春天,我去过普雷斯顿的一个缝纫学校〈为失业者设立的救济机关〉;有两个少女前几天被送到一个织布厂去了,工厂主原答应她们每周可以挣4先令,但她们请求再回学校,并且抱怨说她们在织布厂每周挣不到1先令。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十五卷)》,1974:150

2. Machinery has improved, the material is better understood, and the operatives are able better to overcome the difficulties they had to contend with at first. I remember being in a sewing school" (a charity institution for unemployed) "at Preston last spring, when two young women, who had been sent to work at a weaving shed the day before, upon the representation of the manufacturer that they could earn 4s. per week, returned to the school to be readmitted, complaining that they could not have earned Is. per week. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37), 1998: 132.

3. 这第二种倾向将不得不有赖于那些生存在“民主进程”之外的人们,即“受社会排斥和不受欢迎的下层人、其他种族和肤色的被剥削者和被压迫者,以及失业者和不能被雇佣的人们”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:284

3. This tendency would have to be based on those who existed outside the ‘democratic process’: ‘the substratum of the outcasts and outsiders, the exploited and persecuted of other races and other colours, the unemployed and the unemployable’. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 298.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
与此同时,着力帮助青年失业者和长期失业者就业的积极劳动力市场政策得以实施。积极劳动力市场政策有三种类型的项目组成:工作搜寻支持项目、职业培训项目和临时岗位创造项目。——《当代英国劳动力市场改革研究》,华中科技大学硕士论文,2006
Some beneficial lessons can be drawn from UK labor market reforms: reforms have initiated early, extensively and thoroughly; government highlighted public employment service; ALMP has targeted small disadvantaged people, especially young and long-term unemployed.

例句 2:
根据统计数据显示,社会性弱势群体(农村劳动者、城市中的长期失业者、农民工),在2012年已经达到了 1.4亿至1.8亿人。这一部分人由于长期在社会中处于边缘化,在生存权利以及体育权利上的诉求的表达十分有限,而对于每个社会群体而言享有社会公共资源的权利是平等的,社会体育资源是面向每一个社会个体的,无论是弱势还是非弱势,我们都应当尊重以及保障其体育权利。——《社会转型期社会性弱势群体体育权利的法律保护》,南京师范大学硕士论文,2014
According to statistical data, social vulnerable groups, which covers the rural workers, long-term unemployed in the city, migrant workers, etc., has reached 140 million to 180 million people in 2012. Because of these people are in the marginalized of society for a long time, their rights to life and physical demands are mostly limited to expressed. However, the rights to enjoy public resources are equal for every social group. Social sports resource is for each social individual. No matter who is the weak or not, we should respect and protect their rights to sports.

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