字词 | 类存在 |
释义 | 类存在【英】species-existence; species-being译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 183. 定义类存在是指人类从事着一种类活动,这种类活动是以集体属性、依靠同类共同存在进行的,这种类活动主要是指生产活动,生产活动就是一种类活动,而且这种类活动是通过意识自觉存在的。这是人和动物最本质的区别。马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中指出:“人是类存在物,不仅因为人在实践上和理论上都把类——自身的类以及其他物的类——当作自己的对象;而且……人把自身当作现有的、有生命的类来对待,当作普遍的因而也是自由的存在物来对待”(马克思,恩格斯,1979:95)。马克思继承费尔巴哈用“类”指称人的做法。马克思强调人与动物的差别在于意识性,尤其是自我反思的意识。但他并没有止步于此,而是进一步指明人的意识特性附着于人的劳动实践活动。马克思指出,人的类特性在于自由自觉的劳动,由此出发,指出作为“类存在物”的人,劳动具有更为根本的“类本性”。人不再是纯粹生物学意义上的动物而同周围的无机界、有机界乃至他自身发生直接关系。通过劳动,周围世界经受人自己的有意识、有目的的改造,也彻底改变动物与周围世界的相互关系的性质(徐先艳,2013:18-20)。 定义来源[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)[M].人民出版社,1979. 例句1. 作为类意识,人确证自己的现实的社会生活,并且只是在思维中复现自己的现实存在;反之,类存在则在类意识中确证自己,并且在自己的普遍性中作为思维着的存在物自为地存在着……人是一个特殊的个体,并且正是他的特殊性使他成为一个个体,成为一个现实的、单个的社会存在物,同样地他也是总体、观念的总体、被思考和被感知的社会的主体的自为存在。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:243 1. In his consciousness of species, man confirms his real social life and simply repeats his real existence in thought, just as conversely the being of the species confirms itself in species consciousness and exists for itself in its generality as a thinking being. Man, much as he may therefore be a particular individual (and it is precisely his particularity which makes him an individual, and a real individual social being), is just as much the totality—the ideal totality—the subjective existence of imagined and experienced society for itself; just as he exists also in the real world both as awareness and real enjoyment of social existence, and as a totality of human manifestation of life. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 183. 2. 马克思说,在资产阶级社会里,“任何人都是各种需要的整体,并且就人人互为手段而言,个人为别人存在,别人也为他而存在”。不过,这里的“社会”不是马克思前面讲的那种真正的人的类存在的社会,而恰恰是人异化的外化表现。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:249 2. For Marx, in bourgeois society, “every individual is a totality of needs and only exists for the other person, as the other exists for him.” However, the “society” here is not the true human species-existence of which Marx wrote earlier, but is rather the alienated expression of human estrangement. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 187-188. 3. 请读者注意,这不再是《1844年手稿》中那种抽象的本质的类存在,也不再是一个本真的非利己主义的社会规定,而是客观存在的现实社会!这个理论质点是马克思思想逻辑中的重要进步,也正基于此,列宁认为马克思尖锐而明确地指出并强调了自己全部世界观的基本原则。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:287 3. Please note that this is no longer the abstract species-existence of the essence as in the 1844 Manuscript, nor is it a genuine, unselfish social qualification, but rather real society that objectively exists. This theoretical point represents an important advance in Marx’s philosophical logic; it is based on this that Lenin claims Marx incisively and clearly points out and emphasizes his worldview and fundamental principles. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 219. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
随便看 |
汉译英翻译词典收录7925条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。