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字词 演绎
释义

演绎【英】

deduction; to deduce

译文来源

Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 85, 7.

定义

演绎是运用演绎推理形式所进行的论证。“演绎是从一般性的前提推出个别性的(或特殊性的)结论的方法。”(金炳华,2003:590)正确的演绎论证,其论据与论题之间存在着必然联系。例如,为了论证“太阳是发展变化的”这一论题,可用如下演绎论证方法:“宇宙中的一切事物都是发展变化的,太阳是宇宙中的事物,所以,太阳是发展变化的。”演绎论证的论据往往是一般原理,而论题是特殊事物。运用演绎论证时,应注意把一般原理正确地应用到特殊事物,如果把一般原理应用到不适合这一原理的特殊事物,那么,即使一般原理是对的,也不能必然地论证论题的真实性。例如,“蘑茹能够进行光合作用,而蘑茹是绿色植物,所以,蘑茹能进行光合作用。”这就是一个错误的演绎论证,因为“凡是绿色植物都能进行光合作用”这个一般原理并不适用于“蘑茹”这一特殊事物,“蘑茹”不是绿色植物,而是菌类。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 为此萨伊强调说,社会科学的基础同样是客观存在的一般事实。通过明确的观察,能够确定这些一般事实的存在,诬蔑它们的关系,并从它们演绎出结论来。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:31

1. In response to this accusation, Say emphasizes that the basis of the social sciences is also objectively existing general facts. Of social science researchers, Say wrote that: Through accurate observation, [they] can establish the existence of these general facts, demonstrate their connection, and deduce their consequences. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 7.

2. 恩格斯在《国民经济学批判大纲》中,把资产阶级社会的全部经济现象、资产阶级经济学的全部范畴和规律都归结为私人所有制。这里又有蒲鲁东的影响。他试图通过揭示私有制的非人性,从而认证消灭私有制的必然性问题。而且,恩格斯的确是从政治经济学本身的直接批判出发的,较少赫斯的那种纯哲学的逻辑演绎。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:124

2. In Umrisse zu einer Kritik der Nationalökonomie, Engels uses the concept of private ownership to summarize all the economic phenomena in bourgeois society, as well as the categories and laws of bourgeois economics. Here we see again the influence of Proudhon. Through revealing the inhumanity of private property, Engels attempts to confirm the necessity of eliminating it. Furthermore, Engels begins with a direct criticism of political economy, rather than the pure philosophical deduction of Hess. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 85.

3. 法国的有人学倾向的唯物主义与费尔巴哈的人本主义都不是建立在经验的基础之上的,恰恰相反,他们的思想都是天赋人权之人类理性主义的逻辑演绎。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:282

3. Neither French materialists with humanist tendencies nor Feuerbach’s humanism were founded on empiricism; on the contrary, they based their thinking on logical deduction to arrive at the human rationalism of innate human rights. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 215.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
科学哲学对西方经济学方法论产生了重大的影响。在卡尔·波普尔(Karl Popper)证伪主义科学哲学之前,影响西方经济学方法论的主要是科学哲学中的逻辑实证主义。由于逻辑实证主义过分强调经验证实在区分科学与非科学之间的作用,对科学的定义过于严格,片面推崇归纳法,反对演绎法等等理论上的缺陷以及实践上的困难导致了经济学“科学”梦想的幻灭。波普尔的证伪主义反对经验归纳主义,推崇理性演绎主义,用否证论代替实证论,从对理论的外在辩护转向内在批判。这种方法实现了经济学思维方式的变革。证伪主义是波普尔在经济学中的遗产。——《数字时代的演绎权》,吉林大学硕士学位论文,2004
The philosophy of science has greatly influenced on the methodology of economics. It was the logic positivism in philosophy of science that influenced western economics methodology before Karl Popper's falsificationism. Because logic positivism emphasizes verification by experience excessively in distinguishing science and non 一science; defines science too strictly; praises induction highly only from one side, objects to deductive method, such defects and difficulties in theory cause difficulties in practice and of economics’ own. The scientific dream of economics is vanished. The falsiflcationism of Popper objects to inductive doctrine of experience and praises highly rational deductive doctrine; replaces positivism by falsificationism, criticizes the theory inherently than protects it externally. This method realizes the revolution of the way of thinking in economics. Falsificationism is the legacy of Popper in economics.

例句 2:
基于理论立足点转变的创新演绎与理论新萌芽的完整搜集,本文给出自己独特的观点和论据,希望尽一己之力对学术界有所裨益。——《演

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