字词 | 历史决定论 |
释义 | 历史决定论【英】historical determinism译文来源Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 363. 定义历史决定论是英国哲学家卡尔·波普尔社会政治哲学使用的概念,是他极力反对的概念。历史决定论的观点认为,对待政治的真正科学的或哲学的态度、对待社会生活的深刻理解必须建立在关于人类历史的深思熟虑之上,社会科学家或哲学家必须从更高层次考察事态。历史决定论者把个人视为卒子,视为人类总体发展中无足轻重的工具,他们认为历史舞台上真正重要的角色或者是伟大的民族及其伟大领袖,或者是伟大的阶级,或者是伟大的思想;他们试图了解历史舞台上各种表演的意义和历史发展的规律。他们相信只要能做到这些,就能推算未来发展,就可以把政治置于牢固的基础上,给人们提供有用的劝导,推算政治运动的成败(葛力,1990:48)。波普尔认为,“历史决定论”助长了马克思主义和法西斯主义,而且支持“集权主义”、威胁“民主”、“自由”,并在学术上妨碍了社会历史学科采用科学方法。为此,他写作《开放社会及其敌人》和《历史决定论的贫困》两本政治学著作对“历史决定论”进行长篇讨伐(葛力,1990:48)。 定义来源葛力.现代西方哲学辞典[Z].求实出版社,1990. 例句1. 毫无疑问,马克思当然是在强调历史唯物主义的客观性原则和生产力发展的历史决定论的方面。可是,相对于我们曾指认的马克思对蒲鲁东的双重唯心主义历史观的批评,他并不是一般地批评蒲鲁东那种黑格尔式的显性观念决定论(这一点在《神圣家族》中已经基本完成了),而是在着重说明历史唯物主义和历史辩证法根据一定社会现实情境进行具体研究的方法论话语,以此来批判蒲鲁东的方法论隐性唯心主义历史观,即抽象地面对社会历史特别是社会经济和政治的发展。 ——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:463 1. Without any doubt, Marx emphasizes the principle of objectivity in historical materialism as well as the historical determinism aspect of the development of productive forces. However, relative to Marx’s critique of Proudhon’s dual idealist conception of history that we have already identified, Marx here is not generally criticizing Proudhon’s Hegelian, dominant idea determinism (this point was basically completed in The Holy Family). Rather, he was explaining that historical materialism and the historical dialectic were the methodological discourse of concrete research based on certain real circumstances of society. He used this to criticize the latent idealist conception of history in Proudhon’s methodology, i.e., Proudhon’s abstract conception of social history, especially the development of social economy and politics. The methodological qualification of “definite” or “given” was the ontological qualification of historical subsistence identified by Marx in the first chapter of The German Ideology. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the context of Economics, 2014: 363. 2. 通过艺术作品这一问题,我们能进一步澄清历史唯物主义从生产方式出发,只能根据社会一历史决定论模式、机械的或结构的模式来理解它,根本不能说明艺术品的创作过程以及它的根本差异。从更小的范圈来说,工匠的劳作(根据语源学的“造物主”概念)体现了劳作与劳动之间的根本差别。——《生产之镜》,2005:83 2. All of this is clarified further through the problem of the work of art about which historical materialism, fixated in the scheme of production, has only been able to comment with respect to its mode of socio--historical determination, mechanistic or structural, never being able to account for the moment of its operation and of its radical difference. But this is also true, to a lesser extent, of artisanal work (according to etymology, “demiurge”), which draws a radical difference between work and labor. -Quoted from The Mirror of Production, 1975: 100. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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