字词 | 自我意识 |
释义 | 自我意识【英】self-consciousness译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engel. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 39. 定义自我意识是人类特有的认知能力,它体现了人类特有的自觉能动性。自我意识有侠义和广义之分。狭义的自我意识是指意识对于精神、意识活动本身的认识;广义则是指人对自己的本质、属性、状态、外部活动、内部精神活动的认识和体验,以及对自身情感意志活动和行为进行调节、控制的过程。马克思曾明确指出自然史和人类历史的区别,他认为人类历史与自然历史的不同之处在于后者是一个有自我意识的机体的发展过程。在康德哲学中,自我意识即统觉,是主体能够综合统一经验材料的“先天功能”。康德把自我意识视为人的根本特点,有“经验的自我意识”和“先验的自我意识”两种基本形式。在费希特哲学中,自我意识是一种无客体的主体,是在自身中创造世界的绝对的能动性原则。在黑格尔哲学中,自我意识是能够铲除一切确定的和现存的东西,是能够消融客观存在的一切事物的东西。而所谓的客观存在也不过是绝对理念自我发展和异化的结果。辩证唯物主义则认为,自我意识不是纯粹的主观性事物。相反,自我意识是主体和客体在实践中相互作用的产物,也就是社会关系的产物。换句话说,“自我意识是作为实践和认识主体的现实的人的机能和属性,是人自身的存在以及它和周围环境关系在人自己头脑中的反映。”(金炳华,2003:187) 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 如果埃德加尔先生把法国的平等和德国的“自我意识”稍微比较一下,他就会发现,后一个原则按德国的方式即用抽象思维的形式所表达的东西,就是前一个原则按法国的方式即用政治和思维直观的语言所表达的东西。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)》,1957:48 1. If Herr Edgar compares French equality with German “self-consciousness” for an instant, he will see that the latter principle expresses in German, i.e., in abstract thought, what the former says in French, that is, in the language of politics and of thoughtful observation. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4), 1975: 39. 2. 因此,由于这种对中介性的唯心主义发现,也就建立了概念(主体)同一性的绝对统治,所有被中介物被奴役实属必然,黑格尔就是从感性意谓被自我意识所中介(构成统觉)开始,最后指认理念的绝对中介性来建立自己的绝对观念王国的。在现代,科学认知理论中波普和皮亚杰的“理论先于观察”也是由此生发出来的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:46 2. Therefore, due to the findings of the idealism in indirectness, the absolute rule of the conceptual (subjective) identity is thus established. The enslavement of all the indirect is then inevitable. Hegel starts from subjective referent's being mediated by self consciousness (and turned into apperception), and finally identifies idea with absolute indirectness so as to establish his kingdom of the absolute idea. In modem time, of the cognitive theory in sciences, Popper and Piaget’s “theory precedes observation” is derived from the same source. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 75-76. 3. 并且,在传统唯心主义中,由于中介性往往是与主观性相关联的,中介直接就等于概念。如上所述,中介的概念性实际上也就是本质性的:“中介是本质的,概念本身按其本性直接就是中介。”因此,由于这种对中介性的唯心主义发现,也就建立了概念(主体)同一性的绝对统治,所有被中介物被奴役实属必然。黑格尔就是从感性意谓被自我意识所中介(构成统觉)开始,最后指认理念的绝对中介性来建立自己的绝对观念王国的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:45-46 3. Furthermore, in traditional idealism, since indirectness is always connected with subjectivity, indirectness is equal to concept. As mentioned above, the conceptuality of indirectness is essentialist: indirectness is essential, and the concept itself is indirect by its immediate nature. Therefore, due to the findings of the idealism in indirectness, the absolute rule of the conceptual (subjective) identity is thus established. The enslavement of all the indirect is then inevitable. Hegel starts from subjective referent's being mediated by self-consciousness (and turned into apperception), and finally identifies idea with absolute indirectness so as to establish his kingdom of the absolute idea. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 74-75. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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