字词 | 政治革命 |
释义 | 政治革命【英】political revolution; political revolt译文来源[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:1958. 定义政治革命,指先进的阶级、政党或社会集团在政治领域内进行的重大的革命性的变革,目的在于推翻反动统治,实现国家政权的更替。政治革命以阶级的存在和阶级的斗争为前提,是生产关系和生产力之间的矛盾导致社会处于危机状态的产物。政治革命的首要任务和基本标志是政权从一个阶级手里转到另一个阶级手里,其方法多种多样,但都要通过激烈的阶级斗争来实现。政治革命的类型很多,划分因素主要在于革命动力的性质、民族条件、国际形势等等。政治革命在人类社会发展史上起着重大的作用,社会主义革命是社会历史上最后一个类型的政治革命,其目的是为了推翻资产阶级统治,建立无产阶级专政,使无产阶级和广大劳动人民摆脱受奴役和受压迫的地位。“政治革命最完全、最深刻地反映着一个阶级的根本的经济利益”,“政治变革反映经济发展的要求,也反作用于经济和社会生活的一切其他领域”(金炳华,2003:345)。政治革命是社会形态更替的关键,是社会革命中具有决定意义的环节。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 当然,伯恩施坦受达尔文的影响,但却是以一种完全类似于他的经济学和社会学观点的方式表现出来的。在未发表的1898年手稿中,他写道:“生物学研究得出一个命题:一种有机体愈发达,即愈复杂、功能愈分化,它的进化就愈不是由整个有机体的绝对对立的变化实现的。在一定范围内,人类社会同样也是这样。”在同一手稿的后面,他还写道:“显而易见,政治革命对工业社会化来说,是最不合时宜了。”——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:31 1. Bernstein was, of course, influenced by Darwin, but in a manner entirely akin to his economic and sociological views. In an unpublished manuscript of 1898, he wrote: ‘A study of biology yields: the proposition that the more developed, i.e. the more complicated and functionally differentiated an organism is, the less is its development accomplished by absolutely contradictory changes of the whole body. Within certain limits, the same is true of human society.’ And later in the same manuscript: ‘A political revolution is plainly the most unsuitable time for the socialisation of industry.’ -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 35-36. 2. 然而,托洛茨基并没有与苏联决裂。他认为,在某种意义上,苏联仍然是革命的国家,对世界无产阶级是一种鼓舞。因为只有苏联有国有化的财产,这是社会主义最根本的前提条件。苏联尽管蜕化了,但仍然是一个工人国家。因而需要的是一场政治革命,而不是社会革命。托洛茨基还受自身下述信念的影响,即同法西斯分子的战争不可避免,而苏联在这场战争中将需要支持。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:143 2. Nevertheless, Trotsky, did not break with the Soviet Union. For him, it was still in some sense the country of the Revolution and an inspiration to the world proletariat. For the Soviet Union alone had the nationalised property that was a basic precondition for socialism. It was still a workers' state, albeit degenerated, and required a political revolution, but not a social one. Trotsky was also influenced by his belief in the inevitability of war with Fascists, in which the Soviet Union would need support. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 153. 3. 鲍德里亚告诉我们,在原始社会中,象征的交换关系是一种“给予和接受”不中酶的循环。事实上,正是因为这种本体存在意义上的相互性关系的破坏,权力才得以产生。所以,今天要真正打倒当代的符码资本主义,唯一的出路就是象征颠覆,“象征崩溃的致命性是资本主义无法逃避的”。鲍德里亚认为,“象征颠覆,在一定的程度上是在‘文化革命’的名义下产生的”,它的核心所指就是象征、象征的逻辑,是“对政治经济学想象的废除”,它使得文化革命反对马克思的经济——政治革命。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:270-271 3. Baudrillard tells us that in primitive societies, the symbolic exchange relation is a continual “circ1e of giving and taking.” Indeed, it is from the destruction of the ontological mutual relations that power comes up. Therefore, the only way out to beat down the current code capitalism is to rely on symbolic subversion; it is this fatality of symbolic disintegration under the sign of economic rationality that capitalism cannot escape. Baudrillard believes that subversion by the symbolic, to some degree, arises under the label “cultural revolution.” Its kernel is the symbolic; it is a symbolic logic, the abolition of the imaginary of political economy; it makes the revolution of culture object to any Marxist economic-political revolt. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 358. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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