字词 | 布朗基主义 |
释义 | 布朗基主义【英】Blanquism译文来源[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 102. 定义19世纪中期工人运动中出现的一种革命冒险主义和空想共产主义的思潮。因法国著名革命家布朗基而得名。其主要观点为:(1)“共产主义”。它认为共产主义是合乎人类社会发展的规律,人类社会在其经过了若干交替的剥削形式之后,现在已经日益“趋近于共产制度”;(2)“革命”和“专政”。它认为资产阶级国家机器和人民的愚昧是通往共产主义的两大障碍,扫除愚昧靠教育,扫除资产阶级国家机器靠革命和专政。主张依靠少数革命家的密谋活动来推翻资产阶级的统治,建立少数人的专政,一步就跳到共产主义;(3)无神论。它认为为了使人类永远摆脱过去灾难的幽灵,摆脱人类现今灾难的原因,一切宗教宣传和宗教组织都应遭到禁止。究其实质来说,布朗基主义还未脱离空想社会主义的范畴,一定程度上是巴贝夫平等派的发展,但又不等同于巴库宁主义。在小资产阶级占多数的国家中,布朗基主义的危害尤为严重。恩格斯在《流亡者文献》中对之进行评论。布朗基主义有许多观点非常接近马克思主义,但它始终不能跨越唯心史观和革命空想的鸿沟,达到马克思主义的境界。最终,巴黎公社的失败宣告了布朗基主义的破产(骆幼玲,1984:87)。 定义来源骆幼玲.布朗基与布朗基派[J].华南师范大学学报,1984(4). 例句1. 不过,列宁仍然坚持有必要在推翻临时政府的任何举动中都必须得到群众的支持。任何其他的路线,任何以少数派名义行动的企图,都将是“荒谬的布朗基主义”。但在7月,所发生的一系列大规模的示威,尽管布尔什维克并未予以支持,但孟什维克和社会革命党人支持的临时政府却仍然以此对布尔什维克进行了镇压。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:94 1. Lenin was nevertheless insistent on the need to carry mass support in any overthrow of the provisional government. Any other course, any attempts to act in the name of a minority, would be ‘senseless Blanquism’. But in July a series of massive demonstrations that the Bolsheviks had not supported nevertheless led to the suppression of the Bolsheviks by the Provisional Government supported by the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 102. 2. 这所以不是偶然的,是因为只要抛弃总体的观点,抛弃辩证方法的出发点和目的、前提和要求;只要把革命不是理解为变化过程的因素,而是理解为同整个发展分离开来的孤立行动,那末马克思的革命方面就必定表现为向工人运动的原始时期倒退,向布朗基主义倒退。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:79 2. It is no accident because the moment you abandon the point of view of totality, you must also jettison the starting point and the goal, the assumptions and the requirements of the dialectical method. When this happens revolution wi1l be understood not as part of a process but as an isolated act cut off from the general course of events. If that is so it must inevitably seem as if the revolutionary aspects of Marx are really just a relapse into the primitive period of the workers’ movement, i.e. Blanquism. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 29. 3. 她明确指出:“这就是布朗基主义的政变同广大的而且是有阶级觉悟的人民群众夺取政权之间的根本区别。前者是由‘坚决少数’发动政变,任何时候都可以发动,像从手枪里发射子弹一样,因此总是不合时宜;而后者本身只能是己经开始的资产酷级社会崩溃的产物,因此它本身就带着合乎时宜出现的经济和政治的合法证书。”——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:92 3. “Here lies the chief difference,” she explains, “between the Blanquist coups d’etat of a ‘resolute minority’ which always explode like pistol-shots and as a result always come at the wrong moment, and the conquest of the real power of a state by the broad, class-conscious mass of the people which itself can only be the product of the incipient collapse of bourgeois society and which therefore bears in itse1fthe economic and political legitimation of its time1y appearance.” -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 40. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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