社会实践【英】

social practice

译文来源

[1]金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：201.
[2]Social practice. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_practice

定义

在马克思主义哲学中，凡实践都是社会实践，具有社会性（金炳华，2003：201）。实践指人能动地探索和改造客观事物的一切物质性活动，对实践本质的认识，包含了两层含义。第一层含义，指实践是人所特有的活动，实践具有客观性，它是以人为主体，以客观事物为客体的现实活动；实践具有自主性，人通过实践不但能够认识客观规律，而且能够利用客观规律；实践还具有创造性，人按照客观规律对客观世界的改造本质上就是创造。实践的第二层含义，是指实践具有物质的、客观的、感性的性质和形式，具有直接现实性的特征，即实践是人把自己作为物质力量并运用物质手段同物质对象发生实际的相互作用。黑格尔把实践看做认识向真理过渡的必经环节，马克思、恩格斯在概括当时积极哲学思想的基础上，科学的提出了实践的概念，列宁认为，“生活、实践的观点，应该是认识论的首要的和基本的观点”（列宁，1988：144）。斯大林强调“离开革命实践的理论是空洞的理论”（斯大林，1979：199-200）。纯粹的自然存在物没有主观活动，因此它们不可能证实或检验理论的真假。只有通过人的实践活动则不同，才能既满足自身的利益和需要，又检验自己对事物的认识是否正确。“只有人们的社会实践，才是人们对于外界认识的真理性的标准”（毛泽东，1991：284）。因此，实践是检验认识真理性的唯一标准，是连接主观与客观的纽带桥梁。

定义来源

[1]列宁.列宁全集（第十八卷）[M].人民出版社，1988.
[2]斯大林.斯大林选集[C].人民出版社，1979.
[3]毛泽东.毛泽东选集（第一卷）[C].人民出版社，1991.
[4]金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. （四）大力发展教育和科学事业。教育是发展科学技术和培养人才的基础，在现代化建设中具有先导性全局性作用，必须摆在优先发展的战略地位。全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持教育为社会主义现代化建设服务，为人民服务，与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。坚持教育创新，深化教育改革，优化教育结构，合理配置教育资源，提高教育质量和管理水平，全面推进素质教育，造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才。加强教师队伍建设，提高教师的师德和业务水平。继续普及九年义务教育。加强职业教育和培训，发展继续教育，构建终身教育体系。加大对教育的投入和对农村教育的支持，鼓励社会力量办学。完善国家资助贫困学生的政策和制度。制定科学和技术长远发展规划。加强科学基础设施建设。普及科学知识，弘扬科学精神。坚持社会科学和自然科学并重，充分发挥哲学社会科学在经济和社会发展中的重要作用。在全社会形成崇尚科学、鼓励创新、反对迷信和伪科学的良好氛围。——《江泽民在党的十六大上所作的报告》，2012

1. 4. Develop education and science. Education is the foundation for scientific and technological advancement and personnel training. Playing a vanguard role and having an overall bearing on the modernization drive, education must be placed on our development agenda as a strategic priority. We must carry out the Party’s education policy that education should serve socialist modernization and the people and integrate itself with productive labor and social practice so as to train socialist builders and successors featuring an all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and art. We should encourage innovation in education, deepen its reform, optimize its structure, allocate its resources rationally, raise its quality and management levels and promote quality-oriented education to cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a great number of top-notch innovative personnel. We should build up the ranks of teachers and raise their professional ethics and competence. We should continue to make nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, intensify vocational education and training, develop continued education and set up a system of life-long education. We should increase input in education, give more support to rural education, and encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools. We should improve the state policy and system for aiding students in straitened circumstances. We should formulate a long-term program for scientific and technological development. We should step up the development of infrastructure for research. We should disseminate science and promote the scientific spirit. We must lay equal stress on social sciences and natural sciences and give full play to the important role of philosophy and other social sciences in economic and social development. It is essential to create an atmosphere in society at large favorable for respecting and promoting science, encouraging innovation and opposing superstition and pseudo-science. -Quoted from Jiang Zemin’s report at 16th Party congress, 2012.

2. 人的社会实践，不限于生产活动一种形式，还有多种其他的形式，阶级斗争，政治生活，科学和艺术的活动，总之社会实际生活的一切领域都是社会的人所参加的。因此，人的认识，在物质生活以外，还从政治生活文化生活中（与物质生活密切联系），在各种不同程度上，知道人和人的各种关系。其中，尤以各种形式的阶级斗争，给予人的认识发展以深刻的影响。在阶级社会中，每一个人都在一定的阶级地位中生活，各种思想无不打上阶级的烙印。——《毛泽东选集（第一卷）》，1991：283

2. Man’s social practice is not confined to activity in production, but takes many other forms—class struggle, political life, scientific and artistic pursuits; in short, as a social being, man participates in all spheres of the practical life of society. Thus man, in varying degrees, comes to know the different relations between man and man, not only through his material life but also through his political and cultural life (both of which are intimately bound up with material life). Of these other types of social practice, class struggle in particular, in all its various forms, exerts a profound influence on the development of man’s knowledge. In class society everyone lives as a member of a particular class, and every kind of thinking, without exception, is stamped with the brand of a class. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 296.

3. 马克思主义者认为，只有人们的社会实践，才是人们对于外界认识的真理性的标准。实际的情形是这样的，只有在社会实践过程中，物质生产过程中，阶级斗争过程中，科学实验过程中，人们达到了思想中所预想的结果时，人们的认识才被证实了。人们要想得到工作的胜利即得到预想的结果，一定要使自己的思想合于客观外界的规律性，如果不合，就会在实践中失败。人们经过失败之后，也就从失败取得教训，改正自己的思想使之适合于外界的规律性，人们就能变失败为胜利，所谓“失败是成功之母”“吃一堑长一智”就是这个道理。——《毛泽东选集（第一卷）》，1991：284

3. Marxists hold that man's social practice alone is the criterion of the truth of his knowledge of the external world. What actually happens is that man’s knowledge is verified only when he achieves the anticipated results in the process of social practice (material production, class struggle or scientific experiment). If a man wants to succeed in his work, that is, to achieve the anticipated results, he must bring his ideas into correspondence with the laws of the objective external world; if they do not correspond, he will fail in his practice. After he fails, he draws his lessons, corrects his ideas to make them correspond to the laws of the external world, and can thus turn failure into success; this is what is meant by “failure is the mother of success” and “a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit”. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 296-297.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
浩然在他的小说中，一以贯之地体现出让人民当家作主，通过互助合作的集体走社会主义道路的社会实践达到共同富裕的政治理想。——《论浩然小说中的政治理想及其社会实践》，海南师范大学硕士学位论文，2008
Haoran expresses the political ideal of people’s being the owner of the country and its social practice of taking the road of being rich unanimously by using the form of collective in his novels persistently.

例句 2：
社会实践是大学生思想政治教育的重要途径，在高校的学生德育教育管理中具有重要的地位和作用。同时也是大学生接受教育、增长才干、施展才华和奉献社会的有效途径，是高校新思想、新文化、新科技的“源头活水”。在创新成为时代精神核心的新形势下，积极推进大学生社会实践创新研究，不仅能更好地体现社会实践具有的“思想政治教育的‘结合性’,传递着思想政治教育的内容和信息”的特点，而且还是我国高校德育发展的必然和新的历史时期的必然选择。——《大学生社会实践创新研究》，沈阳建筑大学硕士学位论文，2010
The social practice is the university student Ideological and political education important way, has the important status and the function in university's student moral education administration. Simultaneously is also the university student accepts the education, the growth talent, to display the talent and the offer society's efficient path, is the university new thought that the new culture, the new science and technology “the source running water”. In the innovation becomes the spirit of the age core under the new situation, advances the university student social practice innovation research positively, not can only manifest the social practice to have “the Ideological and political education ‘associability well’, is transmit