工资【英】

salary; wage

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Uinversitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 13.
[2] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 28.

定义

工资（salary, wage）是工钱的一种类型，即员工的薪资，是固定工作关系里的员工所得的薪酬，是雇主或者法定用人单位依据法律规定、或行业规定、或根据与员工之间的约定，以货币形式对员工的劳动所支付的报酬。是劳务报酬(劳酬)中的一种主要形式。工资可以以时薪、月薪、年薪等不同形式计算。在中国，由用人单位承担或者支付给员工的下列费用不属于工资：（1）社会保险费；（2）劳动保护费；（3）福利费；（4）解除劳动关系时支付的一次性补偿费；（5）计划生育费用；（6）其他不属于工资的费用。在政治经济学中，工资本质上是劳动力的价值或价格，工资是生产成本的重要部分。法定最少数额的工资叫最低工资，工资也有税前工资、税后工资、奖励工资等各种划分（via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5394653-5631778.html）。在资产阶级社会的表面上，工人的工资表现为劳动的价格，表现为对一定量劳动支付的一定量货币。在这里，人们说劳动的价值，并把它的货币表现叫做劳动的必要价格或自然价格。另一方面，人们说劳动的市场价格，也就是围绕着劳动的必要价格上下波动的价格（via: http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC）。

定义来源

[1] via: http://baike.so.com/doc/5394653-5631778.html
[2] via: http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC

例句

1. 从事于各种各样工业品来供应社会各种不同需要的整个阶级，本身可以说又划分为两个阶层：企业家、制造业主、雇主阶层，都是大量资本的所有者，他们依靠资本，使别人从事劳动，通过垫支而赚取利润；另一阶层由单纯的工匠构成，他们除了双手以外一无所有他们的垫支只是他们每日的劳动，他们得不到利润，只能挣取工资。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：37-38

1. Thus the whole class employed in supplying the different wants of society is subdivided into two classes. […] The one, of the undertakes, manufacturers and masters, all proprietors of large capitals, which they avail themselves of, by furnishing work to the other class, composed of artificers, destitute of any property but their hands, who advance only their daily labour, and receive no profits but their salaries. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 13.

2. 但在与伯恩施坦的争论中，他还是坚持认为，虽然更多地使用机器必然带来生产的增长，然而由于这种制度倾向于尽可能地压低工资，工人阶级的消费力却不会随之增长——结果是，资本家不能吸收剩余产品，而不得不越来越多地再行投资，最后的崩溃便是不可避免的了。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：25

2. But in his argument with Bernstein he maintained that an increase in production was inevitable with the further introduction of machinery and that the consumption capacity of the working class would not rise concomitantly, since the system tended to depress wages as far as possible. The resulting surplus produce could not be absorbed by the capitalists, who had to reinvest more and more, and an eventual collapse was inevitable. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 28.

3. 在马克思那里，劳动力作为特殊商品所具有的“价值”是资本家在雇佣交换中支付的工资，这个“价值”的基础并非鲍德里亚已经知道的18世纪以来出现的抽象劳动（工业生产中的社会一般劳）；而劳动力的使用价值也非鲍德里亚所定义的那个对所有人类主体都具有用性的具体劳动，而仅仅是对资本剥削有用的活劳动本身，这恰好是资本家要遮蔽的东西。——《文本的深度耕犁：后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》，2007：213

3. To Marx, the “value” of labor power as a special commodity is the wage that the capitalist pay in the employment. This “value” is not based on what Baudrillard considers abstract labor (the general social labor of industrial societies) developed since the 18th century. The use value of labor power is neither what Baudrillard defines as the concrete labor useful for all the people; it only holds for the very living labor that is useful for capitalist exploitation, which is what the capitalist wants to cover. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 288.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
希望通过此文提高我国公立医院在全球化背景下改进绩效工资管理方式、转变对绩效工资的管理理念，从而对提高员工工作效率和提升公立医院管理能力具有一定的参考价值。——《公立医院绩效工资管理存在的问题及其完善》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2014
I hope that through this article to improve our public hospitals to improve performance salary management, change management concept of pay for performance in the context of globalization, thereby improving employee productivity and enhance the management

例句 2：
劳工问题是现代社会的主要问题，劳工问题最重要的方面即为工资支付问题。工资权作为劳动者的一项基本人权，是劳动权的重要组成部分，它是与劳动者的劳动给付相对应的一项权利，劳动者按照法定或劳动合同约定履行了劳动义务后，享有请求用人单位支付工资的权利。——《工资支付法律问题研究》，吉林大学硕士学位论文，2015
Labor issues is a major problem in modern society, the heart of the problem, labor is the wage payment problem. Wages right as a basic human rights of workers, is an important part of the labor rights, it is with laborer labor to pay a corresponding to the right, is laborer fulfilled in accordance with the provisions of the legal, the labor contract or labor obligations, shall have the right to unit of choose and employ persons pays salary. 

例句 3：
因国家对工资总量宏观调控所延伸的工资构成制度成为司法实践中判断是否属于工资的重要依据，其优点是简单，其弊端是逻辑上存有缺陷，其结果是工资成为约定的名义工资、劳动者权益受损及用人单位行为脱法。——“从工资构成到工资定义：观念转换与定义重构”，载于《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2013年第5期
The wages formation system as the extension of the national macroeconomic regulation and control of the total payroll has become an important basis for the judici