统一体【英】

unity

译文来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：249.

定义

统一体指矛盾双方在一定条件下所构成的相互依存、相互对立的有机整体。亦即指矛盾双方处于相对静止状态时的事物或过程，事物只有数量的变化而无性质的变化，因而呈现出统一、联合、平衡、静止等等面貌(廖盖隆等,1993：249)。形而上学只是孤立片面地看待事物，不承认统一体内存在着矛盾和对立。辩证法认为任何事物都不是无矛盾的绝对统一，世界上一切事物都是矛盾的统一体。统一体内部只存在着事物量变和部分质变。是事物在发展过程中的相对静止和稳定状态的标志。统一体不仅由矛盾同一性构成，而且自始至终存在着矛盾斗争。黑格尔说指出对立物在自身中的不断消失，是通过矛盾而出现的紧接着的统一体。在人类社会和自然界发展过程中，统一体总要在一定条件下分解为不同的部分，结果表现为旧的统一体的消失和新的统一体的出现。这是由量变到质变的转化。现代系统论揭示出事物和矛盾的统一体是一个既有诸要素的对立和联系、又有层次结构的整体系统。分析事物和矛盾就是分析其统一体内部的各个要素或各个层次，认识事物和矛盾也就是认识其统一体内部的各个要素和层次以及有机的内在联系（金炳华，2003：249）。

定义来源

[1] 廖盖隆,孙连成,陈有进.马克思主义百科要览·上卷[M].人民日报出版社,1993.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 恩格斯明确指出，消除了私有制，“所有这些反常的分裂现象就不会存在”。对于资本来说，没有私有制，利息与利润的差别就会消失，利润也不会从资本中分离出来，而成为它的“固有部分”，就像资本重新还原为它与劳动的最初统一体一样。对于劳动本身来说，“只要我们消灭了私有制，这种反常的分裂状态就会消失；劳动就会成为它自己的报酬”，而分离出去的工资也会显示出它的真正意义。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：127

1. Engels explicitly states in Umriß zu einer Kritik der Nationalokonomie that by eliminating private property, “all of these unnatural divisions will cease to exist.” In terms of capital, without private property, the differences between interest and profit will disappear, and profit will not be separated from capital, but will become an “intrinsic element” of it. Similarly, capital will revert to its original unity with labor. In terms of labor, Engels writes, “If we do away with private property, this unnatural separation [between the product of labor and labor itself] also disappears. Labor becomes its own reward.” Separated wages will thus reveal their true significance. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 87-88.

2. 黑格尔认为，这个本质的抽象才是本真的出发点，即从分有的感性具体向抽象回归。更进一步说，由于“‘一般果实’并不是僵死的、无差别的、静止的本质，而是活生生的、自相区别的、能动的本质，所以，苹果、梨、草莓和扁桃不过是“果实”的自我差别。这些差别使各种特殊的果实正好成为“一般果实”生活过程中的千差万别的环节。这样，“果实”就不再是无内容、无差别的统一体，而是作为总和、作为各种果实的“总体”的统一体，这些果实构成一个“被有机地划分为各个环节的系列”。于是，真实存在的苹果、梨、草莓和扁桃就成了抽象“果实”“生出”和实现自身的具体“定在”。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：273

2. Hegel also argues that this abstraction of the essence is the genuine starting point, i.e., the return of divided sensuous concreteness to abstraction. Taking this explanation one step forward, because “the Fruit is not dead, undifferentiated, motionless, but a living, self-differentiating, moving essence,” therefore apples, pears, strawberries, and almonds are nothing but self-differentiations of “fruit.” The differences which distinguish apples, pears and almonds from one another are the self-differentiations of “the Fruit” and make the particular fruits different members of the life-process of “the Fruit.” Thus “the Fruit” is no longer an empty undifferentiated unity; it is oneness as allness, as “totality” of fruits, which constitute an “organically linked series of members.” Therefore, apples, pears, strawberries, and almonds that exist in reality become the concrete “existence” produced and realized by abstract “fruit. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 208.

3. 批判的批判指责“浪漫主义艺术”的 “统一教条”，可是它现在却力求获得“真正统一的整体”、“现实的统一体”，并且抱着这个目的，用虚幻的联系、神秘的主客体来代替世界秩序和世界事件之间的自然的合乎人性的联系，这就像黑格 尔用那一身兼为整个自然界和全体人类的绝对的主客体——绝对精神来代替人和自然界之间的现实的联系一样。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二卷）：神圣家族》，1957：213

3. In order to get a “really single whole” and “real unity”, Critical Criticism, which reproaches “romantic art” with the “dogma of unity”, replaces the natural and human connection between the world system and world events by a fantastic connection, a mystical Subject-Object, just as Hegel replaces the real connection between man and nature by an absolute Subject-Object which is at one and the same time the whole of nature and the whole of humanity, the Absolute Spirit. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol.4): The Holy Family, 1975: 167.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
另外，根据超句统一体句际间的语义关系，我们把带有因果意义的超句统一体的关系划分为一般性因果关系、目的性因果关系和条件性因果关系。——《俄语中的因果关系研究》，黑龙江大学博士学位论文，2012
In addition, according to the semantic relations in complex syntactic structures, the complex syntactic structures with cause-and-effect and semantic meanings are divided into general cause-and-effect relations, objective cause-and-effect relations and conditional cause-and-effect relations.

例句 2：
因此,决断的概念必须在生存的具体处境中来理解,反过来也可得出这样的结论,谁阻碍了这两种决断的作出,谁就是要取消政治统一体一主权者-民族国家这些政治范畴的生存权利,谁就是必须要被消灭的敌人。——《论韦伯与施米特对技术政治的批判》，西南政法大学硕士学位论文，2010
Thus, the concept of decision must be understood in the specific situation of survival. In turn, such a conclusion can be drawn, who prevented the two decision-making, who is to abolish the political categories’ right to survival, such as the political entity, the sovereign and the nation-state, who is the enemy must be eliminated.

例句 3：
本文从哲学历史演进的维度揭示了，理性与非理性是一个整合的、不可剥离的统一体，纯粹的理性与非理性是不存在的。——《多维视野中的非理性及其价值研究》，黑龙江大学博士学位论文，2002
This thesis reveals from the dimensions of philosophical and historical evolution the rational and irrational are an integrated, inseparable entity, and that the abstract rational and irrational do not exist.