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字词 矛盾
释义

矛盾【英】

conflict; contradiction

译文来源

[1]Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 28. 
[2]Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 43.

定义

矛盾,表示事物内部或事物之间的既互相依存、互相联结,又互相对立、互相排斥的关系的哲学基本概念(刘佩弦,1988)。它反映了事物之间相互作用、相互影响的一种特殊的状态,“矛盾”不是事物、也不是实体,它在本质上属于事物的属性关系。这种属性关系是事物之间的一种特殊的关系,这种特殊的关系就是“对立”,正是由于事物之间存在着这种“对立”的关系,所以它们才能够构成矛盾(矛盾.via:http://baike.so.com/doc/5402206-7592913.html)。从广义上讲,如果两件事物在一件不存在时另一件一定存在,那么这两件事物就有矛盾。矛盾有主次之分,两者同属矛盾特殊性的两种情形,都是由于事物发展的不平衡性引起的,都存在于事物的发展过程中。马克思主义哲学认为,事物自身包含的既对立又统一的关系叫做矛盾。简言之,矛盾就是对立统一,所谓对立,是指矛盾双方相互排斥、互相斗争;所谓统一指的是两者相互依存,相互转化。正确理解和把握矛盾的含义,还必须注意:首先,矛盾双方的对立和统一,始终是不可分割的;其次,矛盾双方对立统一的关系,既指事物内部存在的这种关系,也指事物之间存在的这种关系。再次,不能把哲学上讲辩证矛盾同逻辑矛盾混为一谈。

定义来源

[1] 刘佩弦.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[2] 矛盾.via:http://baike.so.com/doc/5402206-7592913.html

例句

1. 坚持实事求是,就要坚持为了人民利益坚持真理、修正错误。要有光明磊落、无私元畏、以事实为依据、敢于说出事实真相的勇气和正气,及时发现和纠正思想认识上的偏差、决策中的失误、工作中的缺点,及时发现和解决存在的各种矛盾和问题,使我们的思想和行动更加符合客观规律、符合时代要求、符合人民的愿望。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:26

1. While seeking truth from facts, we should always uphold the truth and correct mistakes for the sake of the people’s interest. We should be frank, selfless and fearless, courageously speak out truth based on facts, discover and correct ideological deviations and mistakes in decision-making and work as soon as they arise, and discover and solve all kinds of conflicts and problems when they come up so as to make our thoughts and acts conform to objective laws, the requirement of the times and the wishes of the people. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 28.

2. 黑格尔从存在进到本质,进到辩证法。在这里他研究反思的规定,它们的内在的对立和矛盾,例如正和负,然后就进到因果性或原因和结果的关系,并以必然性做结束。杜林先生也没有什么不同。黑格尔叫做本质论的东西,杜林先生把它译成“存在的逻辑特性”。但是这种特性首先在于“力的对抗”,在于对立。至于矛盾,杜林先生是根本否认的;关于这个问题,我们以后再回头来谈。然后,他就转到因果性,从这里再转到必然性。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:50

2. From being Hegel passes to essence, to dialectics. Here he deals with the determinations of reflection, their internal antagonisms and contradictions, as for example, positive and negative; he then comes to causality or the relation of cause and effect and ends with necessity. Not otherwise Herr Dühring. What Hegel calls thedoctrine of essence Herr Dühring translates into “logical properties of being” These, however, consist above all in the “antagonism of forces”, in opposites. Contradiction, however, Herr Dühring absolutely denies; we will return to this point later. Then he passes over to causality, and from this to necessity. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 43.

3. 另一些人对辛德斯——赫斯特计划的内在矛盾表现出了同样的困惑。20世纪80年代中期,格雷戈里·艾略特(Gregory Elliott)在《保罗·赫斯特的奥德赛》一文中总结了那些内在矛盾给左翼带来的困惑。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:3

3. Others have been similarly perplexed by the inherent contradictions of the Hindess-Hirst project, and Gregory Elliott’s mid-1980s’ article ‘The Odyssey of Paul Hirst’ sums up the confusion these can induce on the left. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 58.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
公共政策是对公共领域中各种利益关系之间所存在的矛盾与冲突的一种制度安排,而且公共政策执行作为一种合法的政府行为,是贯彻落实公共政策的基本精神和基本内容的政治行为过程,也是对公共利益或社会资源进行权威性分配的具体落实过程,或说社会利益矛盾与冲突的实际解决与调适过程,因各种各样的因素的存在,政策执行过程可能发生这样或那样的冲突问题。所谓政策执行冲突是指在政策执行过程中,政策执行主体与目标群体之间、政策执行主体内部以及目标群体与目标群体之间因政策目标、意识和利益等矛盾或不一致,以及相关制度安排存在缺陷,引起的观念、态度、心理和行为等方面的彼此抵触、争执或攻击的政策现象。——《政策执行冲突的制度分析》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2005
Therefore, public policies themselves are a kind of institutional arrangement to the contradictions and conflicts which exist in all kinds of benefit relations in public fields. Furthermore, the implementation of public policy, as a kind of legal action of the government, is the process of political action which puts the basic spirits and the basic contains of public policies into effect, and also is the specific process of the implementation which authoritatively allots social benefits or social resources, or the process of practical solution and adjustment to the social contradiction and conflict. Because of all sorts of factors existing, these or those conflict problems possible take place during the process of the implementation of public policy. The conflicts of the implementation of public policy are of the policy phenomena of mutually contradicting, disputing or attacking on these aspects as conception, attitude, mentality and action.

例句 2:
怎么理解战略机遇期

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